Abstract
The mosquito vectors of the genera Aedes and Anopheles present resistance to several commercial insecticides, which are also toxic to non-predator targets. On the other hand, essential oils are a promising source of insecticides. Thus, in this work, the essential oil from the leaves of Piper purusanum was characterized by gas chromatography–based approaches and evaluated as biodefensive against malaria and dengue vectors. The main compounds of P. purusanum essential oil were β-caryophyllene (57.05%), α-humulene (14.50%), and germacrene D (8.20%). The essential oil inhibited egg hatching (7.6 ± 1.5 to 95.6 ± 4.5%), caused larval death (LC50 from 49.84 to 51.60 ppm), and inhibited the action of acetylcholinesterase (IC50 of 2.29 µg/mL), which can be related to the mechanisms of action. On the other hand, the biological activities of β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and germacrene D were higher than that of essential oil. In addition, these sesquiterpenes and essential oil did not show a lethal effect on Toxorhynchites splendens, Anisops bouvieri, Gambusia affinis, and Diplonychus indicus (LC50 from 2098.80 to 7707.13 ppm), although D. indicus is more sensitive (SI/PSF from 48.56 to 252.02 ppm) to essential oil, representing a natural alternative against these relevant vectors.
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Acknowledgements
In memoriam to Doctor Wanderli Pedro Tadei. We also thank the Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Sample Opening and Chemical Testing Laboratory, Malaria and Dengue Laboratory, Amazon Active Principles Laboratory, Dr Rosemary Costa Pinto Health Surveillance Foundation, Analytical Center, Multidisciplinary Support Center, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Science and Technology, Amazonas State Research Support Foundation, and Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation for all the support.
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This project was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Science and Technology—Amazonia (077/2013, process no. 408172/2013–4); the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation/National Council of Sciences and Technological Development (28/2018, process no. 432533/2018–4); the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation/Science and Technology—Agribusiness—Amazonia (process no. 403496/2013–6); and the Amazonas State Research Foundation (018/2015, No. 062.00549/2019).
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André C. de Oliveira, Felipe M. A. da Silva, Sergio M. Nunomura, Rosemary A. Roque, Wanderli P. Tadei, and Rita C. S. Nunomura: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing and supervision. Carlos A. P. Lima and Rejane C. Simões: Conceptualization.
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The collection of plant and mosquitoes were authorized by Sistema de Autorização e Informação em Biodiversidade (SISBIO) (No. 78388–1, No. 74151). The blood meal of female mosquitoes performed in hamsters was authorized by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (No. 058/2018, SEI 01280.001882/2018–21). The study was registered in the Sistema Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado (SisGen) (No. ADC693C).
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de Oliveira, A.C., Simões, R.C., Lima, C.A.P. et al. Essential oil of Piper purusanum C.DC (Piperaceae) and its main sesquiterpenes: biodefensives against malaria and dengue vectors, without lethal effect on non-target aquatic fauna. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 47242–47253 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19196-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19196-w