Abstract
When oil is released into the oceans, spilled oil may get to the shoreline driven by wind and wave. This study comprehensively explored the effects of bentonite nanoclay on the oil behaviors in a water–sand system from both experimental and modeling perspectives. Four factors including nanoclay concentration, temperature, salinity, and pH have been studied. The increasing nanoclay concentration resulted in the decrease in remaining oil on sand. Higher temperature and salinity were associated with less residual oil on sand in the presence of nanoclay. The lower residual oil on sand with coexisting nanoclay was found to be at pH 7. The factorial analysis results indicated that the nanoclay concentration showed the most significant impact among these factors. Miscibility modeling results showed an increasing temperature was favorable to the nanoclay miscibility. Moreover, the effect of nanoclay on oil behavior was further revealed through the dynamic simulation, in which it can be seen the nanoclay could penetrate into oil droplets and promote the oil detachment from solid substrate. The results of this study can help understand the role of fine particles in the fate and transport of oil on shoreline and support the risk assessment and response planning after oil spill.
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The authors are also grateful to Huifang Bi, the editor, and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions.
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This research was supported by the Multi-partner Research Initiative of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fonds de Recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
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RI conducted the experiments, interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript. CA designed the experiments and revised the manuscript. MM and KL revised the manuscript. KZ performed the simulation. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Iravani, R., An, C., Mohammadi, M. et al. Experimental and modeling studies of the effects of nanoclay on the oil behaviors in a water–sand system. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 50540–50551 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19150-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19150-w