Abstract
As persistent and ubiquitous contaminants in water, iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) pose a non-negligible risk to the environment and human health. In this study, we investigated the adsorption behavior of two typical ICM compounds, iohexol (IOH) and amidotrizoic acid (DTZ), on magnetic activated carbon. Theoretical investigations, using density functional theory, identified the molecule structures and calculated the molecular diameters of IOH (1.68 nm) and DTZ (1.16 nm), which revealed that ICM could be adsorbed by mesopores and larger micropores. Therefore, magnetic activated carbon with a porous structure was prepared by the co-precipitation method to investigate the adsorption mechanism of IOH and DTZ. MAC-5 (magnetic activated carbon with a theoretical iron oxide content of 37%) showed the best adsorption ability for both IOH and DTZ, with maximum adsorption capacities of 86.05 and 43.00 mg g−1, respectively. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were applied to explore the mechanisms involved, and the effects of solution pH, initial concentration, temperature, ionic strength, and natural organic matter were also investigated. The pore filling effect, π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction, were found to be the main adsorption mechanisms. The co-adsorption data showed that competition may occur in ICM coexisting environments. Interestingly, the used MAC-5 could be successfully regenerated and its adsorption efficiency did not decrease significantly after five cycles, indicating that it is a promising adsorbent for ICM. The results from this study provide some new insights for the treatment of water containing ICM.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20191372), the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. KYCX19_0819), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21777067).
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, BK20191372, Huan He; Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, KYCX19_0819, Xinying Cheng; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 21777067, Shaogui Yang.
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Xinying Cheng performed the experiments for her doctoral thesis, analyzed data, interpreted results of experiments, and drafted this manuscript. Professor Limin Zhang and Huan He were the advisers of the doctoral thesis, contributed to the conception and design of this research, and edited and approved the final manuscript. Qiuyi Ji, Dunyu Sun, Jinghua Zhang, Xianxian Chen, Shiyin Li, and Shaogui Yang contributed with the material preparation, data collection, and data analysis, edited previous versions of the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript.
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Cheng, X., Ji, Q., Sun, D. et al. A comparative study on adsorption behavior of iodinated X-ray contrast media iohexol and amidotrizoic acid by magnetic-activated carbon. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 45404–45420 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19127-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19127-9