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High-normal blood pressure (prehypertension) is associated with PM2.5 exposure in young adults

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Abstract

We aimed to examine PM2.5 exposure, blood pressure (SBP and DBP) measurement, and hypertension risk factors and to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and hypertension among young adults. The mean SBP was 117.78 mmHg, with 11.22% high-normal blood pressure (prehypertension) and 2.51% hypertension (≥ 140 mmHg). DBP was 75.48 mmHg with 26.37% prehypertension and 4.53% hypertension (≥ 90 mmHg). The median PM2.5 in the past year was 31.79 μg/m3, with highest in winter (49.33 μg/m3), followed by spring (37.34 μg/m3), autumn (29.64 μg/m3), and summer (24.33 μg/m3). Blood pressure was positively correlated with age, height, weight, BMI, daily smoking, alcohol consumption, mental stress, and staying up in the past 1 year, and negatively with season-specific temperature. After adjustment for the covariates, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with SBP (day 1 = 1.07 mmHg, day 3 = 1.25 mmHg, day 5 = 1.01 mmHg) and DBP (day 1 = 1.06 mmHg, day 3 = 1.28 mmHg, day 5 = 1.29 mmHg, day 15 = 0.87 mmHg, day 30 = 0.56 mmHg). Exposure in winter and the past year was associated with 1.21 mmHg and 0.95 increase mmHg in SBP, respectively. Logistic models showed for every 1 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5, SBP in day 1 and day 5 was increased by 6% and 4%, and DPB by 3% and 16%, respectively. SBP was increased by 8% in spring and 19% in winter, and DBP was increased by 7% in winter. Our data suggest a certain prevalence of pre- or hypertension among young population, which is associated with short-term fluctuation and season-specific exposure of PM2.5.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the help of the Top-level Talent Project of Zhejiang Province, and apologize to all those researchers whose work could not be cited due to space limitations.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Sci-Tech Planning Project of Jiaxing, China (2019AY32010 to Xu L), and the Student Research Training Project of Jiaxing University (CD8517193191 to Xu L).

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Author notes

  1. Huaze Ye and Jie Tang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China

    Huaze Ye, Leiqin Luo, Tianjian Yang & Kedi Fan

  2. Department of Pathology, Municipal Key‑Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China

    Jie Tang

  3. Department of Public Health, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China

    Long Xu

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  1. Huaze Ye
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Contributions

Huaze Ye: questionnaire design, survey, collection and project implementation; Jie Tang: conceptualize the idea, statistical analysis, paper draft; Leiqin Luo: questionnaire design, survey, collection, project implementation, data analysis; Tianjian Yang: questionnaire collection, PM2.5 data collection; Kedi Fan: questionnaire collection, PM2.5 data collection; Long Xu: conceptualize the idea, financial support, statistical analysis, editing the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Long Xu.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by the Human Ethical Committee of Jiaxing University Medical College (JUMC-IRB-2018), and the informed consent was given to all subjects prior to research.

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All participants consented to publish.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya

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Ye, H., Tang, J., Luo, L. et al. High-normal blood pressure (prehypertension) is associated with PM2.5 exposure in young adults. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 40701–40710 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18862-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18862-3

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