Abstract
Typha domingensis Pers. is a plant that grows in marshy environments, where cadmium (Cd) accumulates. The root is the first organ that comes into contact with the metal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cd on the roots of T. domingensis. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using different Cd concentrations: (1) 0 µM (control), (2) 10 µM, and (3) 50 µM, with 10 replicates for 90 days. The plants were placed in plastic containers containing 5 L of nutrient solution modified with the different Cd concentrations. At the end of the experiment, the roots were measured, sampled, fixed, and subjected to usual plant microtechniques. The slides were observed and photographed under light microscopy and analyzed in ImageJ software. To measure Cd absorption, atomic-absorption spectrometry was used. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means by the Scott-Knott test at P < 0.05. When exposed to 50 µM of Cd, the roots accumulated 99.35% of the Cd. At this concentration, there was a reduction in the exodermis but there was an increase in the diameter of the cortical cells and in the proportion of aerenchyma in the cortex. There was an increase in the root cap, which guaranteed the protection of the primary meristems. Therefore, T. domingensis adjusts its root anatomy improving the Cd tolerance and shows potential for phytoremediation purposes.
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The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Fabricio José Pereira, upon request.
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The authors thank CNPq [Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development)], CAPES [Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)], and FAPEMIG [Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (Minas Gerais State Research Foundation)] for the funding and research grants awarded to perform the present study.
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J. P. V. O.: conceptualizing, designing and performing the experiments, analyzing the data, curating the data, and writing the first draft of the manuscript; M. P. P.: performing the experiments, analyzing the data, and writing the manuscript; V. P. D.: performing the experiments, analyzing the data, and writing the manuscript; F. F. C.: performing the experiments, analyzing the data, and writing the manuscript; E. M. C.: acquiring resources, analyzing the data, and writing the manuscript; F. J. P.: advising the first author, conceptualizing, acquiring resources, designing and running the experiments, analyzing the data, curating the data, administering the project and writing the manuscript.
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de Oliveira, J.P.V., Pereira, M.P., Duarte, V.P. et al. Root anatomy, growth, and development of Typha domingensis Pers. (Typhaceae) and their relationship with cadmium absorption, accumulation, and tolerance. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 19878–19889 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18842-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18842-7