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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Air transport and rail transport impact on environment: evidence from India, China, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey and Russia

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This article was retracted on 22 November 2022

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Abstract

Over the years, the world has been plagued by issues brought about by environmental degradation, climate change, and environmental health issues. Core to the environmental risk and security issues is the greenhouse gas emission which reflects carbon dioxide emissions effect on global climate. In order to better understand this stuff, the study explored the combined effect of increasing railway transport, air transport and urbanisation on the environment in emerging economies from 1995 to 2016. The study employed the Pesaran CD, average mean group (AMG), correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) and cointegration test approach. The study revealed that rail transport and urban population show good statistical strength to improve the environment. Findings from the study indicate that the proliferation of the emerging economies such as India, China, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey and Russia has greatly contributed to the growth of environmental sustainability. There is a lot of policy blueprint mentioned in this study, in which when adhere to could provide pertinent decision advocate in building quality environmental economies.

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Data availability

The data used and/ or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cyprus International University, Via Mersin 10, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey

    Asiedu Ampomah Benjamin

  2. Valley View University, Faculty of Accounting and Finance, Oyibi, Ghana

    Asiedu Ampomah Benjamin

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  1. Asiedu Ampomah Benjamin
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Contributions

BAA wrote the introduction section and the methodology and analysed and interpreted the data regarding air transport and rail transport impact on environment. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Asiedu Ampomah Benjamin.

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Benjamin, A.A. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Air transport and rail transport impact on environment: evidence from India, China, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey and Russia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 32959–32966 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18575-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18575-7

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