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Bio-intervention phyto-based material for raw goatskin preservation: a cleaner-sustainable approach

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Abstract

The regular practice of using sodium chloride to preserve raw animal skin triggers increasing salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the surface and groundwater during rehydration soaking operations. The process disrupts the lives of animals, plants, and human beings. This paper is focused on the phyto-based short-term preservation of goatskin to reduce salinity in tannery soaking operations. The indigenous Persicaria hydropiper leaf was investigated to assess the preservation of animal skin to diminish salinity and TDS of tannery soaking wastewater. Methanol-extracted leaf was characterized by GC–MS and FTIR for chemical composition analysis and affiliated functional groups. Fresh goatskins were preserved at the preliminary, laboratory, and pilot-scale scenarios to establish the best possible mixture and monitor the moisture and nitrogen content, shrinkage temperature, microorganism analysis, and pollution load at each level. The processed leathers derived from the preserved skins with an optimal mixture of 10% leaf paste with 8% salt and conventional 50% salt were tested for their physical strength. Finally, the modification in fiber structure due to the varieties of preserving chemicals was evaluated through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and detected insignificant variation of leather fibers. The findings reported in this study can be applied to the industrial level and remove certain amounts of salinity and TDS from tannery soaking wastewater.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Advanced Studies and Research (CASR), Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Leather Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh

    Md. Abul Hashem, Md. Anik Hasan, Sofia Payel & Md. Zillur Rahaman Shaikh

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Md. Abdul Momen & Mehedi Hasan

Authors
  1. Md. Abul Hashem
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  2. Md. Anik Hasan
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  3. Md. Abdul Momen
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  4. Sofia Payel
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  5. Mehedi Hasan
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  6. Md. Zillur Rahaman Shaikh
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Contributions

AH: visualization/conceptualization, investigation, methodology, and writing—review. AH: investigation, methodology, supervision, data managing—organizing. AM: sampling and data collection. Sofia Payel: writing—original draft, and editing. MH: writing—review. ZRS: review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Md. Abul Hashem.

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Highlights

• Leaf paste of Persicaria hydropiper is used for eco-friendly goatskin preservation

• Significant reduction of chloride, TDS, BOD, and COD in soaking wastewater

• Fiber structures of optimized experimental and control leathers are similar

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Hashem, M.A., Hasan, M.A., Momen, M.A. et al. Bio-intervention phyto-based material for raw goatskin preservation: a cleaner-sustainable approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 31278–31292 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18544-0

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