Abstract
An updated systematic review was conducted to assessing on the association between indoor air pollution caused by household energy consumption and childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries. We performed a meta-analysis from the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, EMBASE. Studies were selected when they reported childhood pneumonia or ALRI in relation to indoor air pollution resulted from solid fuel. Studies must provide results on exposure prevalence of children aged below 5 years from Asia or Africa. We devoted ourselves to identifying randomized controlled experiments and observational epidemiological researches, which revealed the relation between household usage of solid fuel and childhood pneumonia. Among 1954 articles, 276 were reviewed thoroughly and 16 conduced to such a meta-analysis. It was found that there is a significant relationship between the solid fuel combustion and increasing risk of childhood pneumonia (OR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.36–2.02). The summary odds ratios from biomass use and mixed fuel use were, respectively, 1.86 (95%CI 1.15–3.02) and 1.58 (95%CI 1.38–1.81), with substantial between study heterogeneity (I2 = 87.2% and 29.2%, respectively). According to the subgroup analysis along with the meta-regression analysis, the risk of using solid fuel in Asian regions is higher than that in African regions. Studies based on non-hospital participates (I2 = 49.5%) may also a source of heterogeneity. We found that indoor air pollution generated by the usage of solid fuel might be a significant risk factor for pneumonia in children and suggested improving the indoor air quality by promoting cleaner fuel will be important in undeveloped countries.
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This study was supported in part by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China [20KJA610002], and the ‘Qing Lan Project’ of Colleges and Universities in JiangSu Province.
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Cheng Ding conceived and designed the studies. Tianming Chen drafted the manuscript. Ye Yuan performed the studies. Chao Zou, Baoping Zhang, Liang Qiao, Yanping Li, Jia-yan Qian and Qingyuan Guo contributed data collection. Jingjing Pan contributed data analysis. Cheng Ding and Yang Yuan contributed provision of ideas of this manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Chen, T., Zou, C., Yuan, Y. et al. Indoor air pollution from solid fuel on children pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 24574–24588 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18293-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18293-6