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Current understandings and perspectives of petroleum hydrocarbons in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a global concern

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Abstract

Over the last few decades, the global prevalence of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative illnesses has risen rapidly. Although the aetiology remains unclear, evidence is mounting that exposure to persistent hydrocarbon pollutants is a substantial risk factor, predisposing a person to neurological diseases later in life. Epidemiological studies correlate environmental hydrocarbon exposure to brain disorders including neuropathies, cognitive, motor and sensory impairments; neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD); and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Particulate matter, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and endocrine-disrupting chemicals have all been linked to neurodevelopmental problems in all class of people. There is mounting evidence that supports the prevalence of petroleum hydrocarbon becoming neurotoxic and being involved in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. More study is needed to fully comprehend the scope of these problems in the context of unconventional oil and natural gas. This review summarises in vitro, animal and epidemiological research on the genesis of neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting evidence that supports inexorable role of hazardous hydrocarbon exposure in the pathophysiology of AD and PD. In this review, we offer a summary of the existing evidence gathered through a Medline literature search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the most important epidemiological studies published so far.

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Data availability

The datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

The authors received funding from the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for this work through the Research Group Project under grant number R.G.P.2/96/42.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India

    Rajalakshmi Rajendran

  2. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Roshni Pushpa Ragavan & Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi

  3. Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi

  4. Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Md. Sahab Uddin

  5. Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Md. Sahab Uddin

  6. Laboratoire Chrono-Environment, CNRS6249, Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besancon, France

    Lotfi Aleya

  7. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, India

    Bijo Mathew

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  1. Rajalakshmi Rajendran
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  3. Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
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  4. Md. Sahab Uddin
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  6. Bijo Mathew
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Contributions

B. Mathew planned the study and edited the manuscript. Rajalakshmi R. and Roshni P.R. wrote the original draft preparation. Abdullah G.A., Uddin M.S. and Lotfi Aleya did the data curation and proof reading.

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Rajendran, R., Ragavan, R.P., Al-Sehemi, A.G. et al. Current understandings and perspectives of petroleum hydrocarbons in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a global concern. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 10928–10949 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17931-3

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