Abstract
This study investigates the impact of urbanization and nonrenewable energy consumption on carbon emissions. The context of the analysis is 54 African Union countries from 1996 to 2019. For estimation, we use panel quantile regression (PQR) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). Our regression results demonstrate that there is a positive correlation between urbanization and CO2 emission. Further, our empirical results confirmed that nonrenewable energy consumption increases environmental pollution in African Union countries. The outcomes demonstrate the EKC hypothesis because at the initial stage of development, when economic growth increases, environmental pollution increases; after a threshold point, environmental pollution decreases as economic growth increases. It can find an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO2 emission. The findings also show that urbanization should be planned; otherwise, it can lead to environmental degradation in the long run. Africa continent takes strict action and builds a blueprint for efficient and effective energy production and consumption. The only solution to achieve green growth in Africa is to shift from fossil fuel energy supply to renewable energy supply.
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Muhammad Noshab Hussain provided the idea. Muhammad Noshab Hussain, Zaiyang Li, and Abdul Sattar have done the data acquisition and written the whole draft.
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Hussain, M.N., Li, Z. & Sattar, A. Effects of urbanization and nonrenewable energy on carbon emission in Africa. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 25078–25092 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17738-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17738-2