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The dynamic of the potential pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes in the water at different growth stages of grass carp pond

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Abstract

Pond aquaculture has become the most important and broadest breeding model in China, and an extremely important source of aquatic products, but the potential hazard factors of potential pathogenic bacteria (PPB), antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture environment are largely invisible. In the present study, the bacterial communities in the larvae, juvenile, rearing, and harvesting culture stages of great grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) ponds were investigated and the structure of microbial flora analysis showed that the larvae culture stage has the highest abundance and the most dominant phyla were Proteobacteria (27.8%). A total of 123 significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotations and the relative abundance of nine bacterial phenotypes implied that the larvae culture stage had the most abundance of pathogenic potential and mobile elements. The correlation analyses of environmental factors showed that temperature, stocking density, pH, and transparency showed the significant impacts on both the distribution of microbiome and the PPB. More importantly, a total of 40 ARB were identified, and 16 ARGs have the detection rates of 100%, which revealed that they are widely distributed and highly enriched in the aquaculture production. Notably, this is the first robust report to analyze and understand the PPB, ARB, and ARGs characteristics and dynamic changes in the pond aquaculture.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed under the current study are available from the corresponding author upon the reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by Key Realm R&D Program of GuangDong Provice (No. 2020B0202080005), China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-45-50), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (No. 20212100006), Key Project of Education Department of Hunan Province (20A032), China Scholarship Council (No. 201908440582); Talent introduction special funds of South China Agricultural University (No. K16226).

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Author notes

  1. Aiguo Zhou, Shaolin Xie and Huijuan Tang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Aiguo Zhou, Shaolin Xie, Huijuan Tang, Zhiheng Zuo & Jixing Zou

  2. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 5T1, Canada

    Aiguo Zhou & Xiang Li

  3. College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Li Zhang

  4. Departments of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

    Yue Zhang

  5. Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China

    Wenyu Zhao

  6. State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China

    Guohuan Xu

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  1. Aiguo Zhou
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  4. Li Zhang
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The authors thank Guangzhou Chengyi Aquatic Products Technology Co., Ltd. and Dr. D.D. Zhao for assistance in samples collection. AZ, JZ, GX, and SX: writing—conceptualization, original draft, and formal analysis; GX, JZ, WZ, and AZ, funding acquisition; XL and YZ: methodology, writing—review and editing; AZ, JZ, LZ, ZZ, and HT: resources, formal analysis, data curation, visualization; ZZ: software.

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Correspondence to Guohuan Xu or Jixing Zou.

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Ethical approval was not required for the secondary analysis of the anonymous data in this study.

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Zhou, A., Xie, S., Tang, H. et al. The dynamic of the potential pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes in the water at different growth stages of grass carp pond. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 23806–23822 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17578-0

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