Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of noise barriers based on geometries and materials: a review

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The acoustical properties of a barrier are highly dependent on the physical properties of the material and the internal structure of the material. The acoustical material can curtail the quality of sound or enhance the dispersion, depending on the application being considered. The efficient acoustic performance of noise barriers possessing different shapes and materials including waste materials is reviewed for field implementation to achieve the low-cost sustainable noise barrier application in the Indian context. The review analysis of research papers demonstrates that the acoustic performance of barriers is dependent on different shapes, materials, and textures as well as onsite geometry. Based on the review study, T-shaped barriers with a soft top surface are found to be efficient at noise attenuation. For transparent barriers, perceived loudness and noise annoyance are assessed lower than that for opaque barriers and utilization of waste materials viz. plastic, rubber, bottom coal ash, etc. gives high noise attenuation along with low-cost efficiency. Noise pollution levels are high from prescribed noise limits in most of the Indian metropolitan cities. The Indian government is working on mitigation strategies of noise pollution as well as abiding laws regarding noise standards for the zone (residential, industrial, commercial, and silences) wise. In contrast, some communities which are adjacent to roads are suffering from high noise levels in the ambience. Therefore, it requires a coherent strategy for long-term measures intended at minimizing exposure of noise hence providing much more comfort to live, work, and shop near high-traffic roads. Noise barriers are highly beneficial in mitigating the emitted noise from the traffic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  • Alberola J, Flindell IH, Bullmore AJ (2005) Variability in road traffic noise levels. Appl Acoust 66(10):1180–1195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aparicio-Ramon DV, Morales MSV, Ruano L, Sanchez AM (1993) Subjective annoyance caused by environmental noise. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 12(4):237–243

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arenas C, Leiva C, Vilches LF, Cifuentes H (2013) Use of co-combustion bottom ash to design an acoustic absorbing material for highway noise barriers. Waste Manage 33(11):2316–2321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arenas C, Leiva C, Vilches LF, Cifuentes H, Rodríguez-Galán M (2015) Technical specifications for highway noise barriers made of coal bottom ash-based sound absorbing concrete. Constr Build Mater 95:585–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arenas C, Luna-Galiano Y, Leiva C, Vilches LF, Arroyo F, Villegas R, Fernández-Pereira C (2017) Development of a fly ash-based geopolymeric concrete with construction and demolition wastes as aggregates in acoustic barriers. Constr Build Mater 134:433–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arenas C, Vilches LF, Leiva C, Alonso-Fariñas B, Rodríguez-Galán M (2016) Recycling ceramic industry wastes in sound absorbing materials. Mate Constr 66(324):e106–e106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asdrubali F, D’Alessandro F, Schiavoni S (2008) Sound absorbing properties of materials made of rubber crumbs. J Acoust Soc Am 123(5):3037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attenborough K (1982) Predicted ground effect for highway noise. J Sound Vib 81(3):413–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babisch W (2002) The noise/stress concept, risk assessment and research needs. Noise Health 4(16):1

    Google Scholar 

  • Baulac M, Defrance J, Jean P (2008) Optimisation with genetic algorithm of the acoustic performance of T-shaped noise barriers with a reactive top surface. Appl Acoust 69(4):332–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellucci P, Fernandez D, La Monica S, Schirone L (2003, May). Assessment of the photovoltaic potential on noise barriers along national roads in Italy. In 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2003. Proceedings of (3 2474 2477). IEEE

  • Bendtsen H (2009) Noise barrier design: Danish and some European examples. University of California Pavement Research Center

  • Bendtsen H (2010) Noise barrier design: Danish and some European examples. CA101735D, Denmark

  • Benkreira H, Khan A, Horoshenkov KV (2011) Sustainable acoustic and thermal insulation materials from elastomeric waste residues. Chem Eng Sci 66(18):4157–4171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bubeník J, Zach J (2019) The use of foam glass based aggregates for the production of ultra-lightweight porous concrete for the production of noise barrier wall panels. Transportation Research Procedia 40:639–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bullard D L (2006) Aesthetic concrete barrier design (Vol. 554). Transportation Research Board.

  • Chandler-Wilde S, Langdon S (2007) Boundary element methods for acoustics. Dept of Math, Univ of Reading, Lecture notes

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang TY, Beelen R, Li SF, Chen TI, Lin YJ, Bao BY, Liu CS (2014) Road traffic noise frequency and prevalent hypertension in Taichung, Taiwan: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 13(1):1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conter M, Haider M (2008) Austrian investigation on the influence of sound leakage in noise reducing devices. J Acoust Soc Am 123(5):3138–3138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crombie DH, Hothersall DC (1994) The performance of multiple noise barriers. J Sound Vib 176(4):459–473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daigle GA (1998) Technical assessment of the effectiveness of noise walls. Noise News International 6(1):11–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daigle GA (1999) Technical assessment of the effectiveness of noise walls. Noise News International 7(3):137–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Silva GS, Perera BVA (2018) Effect of waste rice husk ash (RHA) on structural, thermal and acoustic properties of fired clay bricks. J Build Eng 18:252–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Defrance J, Jean P (2003) Integration of the efficiency of noise barrier caps in a 3D ray tracing method Case of a T-shaped diffracting device. Appl Acoust 64(8):765–780

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Rey R, Bertó L, Alba J, Arenas JP (2015) Acoustic characterization of recycled textile materials used as core elements in noise barriers. Noise Control Eng J 63(5):439–447

  • Duhamel D (2006) Shape optimization of noise barriers using genetic algorithms. J Sound Vib 297(1–2):432–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekici I, Bougdah H (2000) A simplified method for the design of road traffic noise barriers. Proceedings-Institute of Acoustics 22(2; PART 1): 155–162

  • Ekici I, Bougdah H (2003) A review of research on environmental noise barriers. Build Acoust 10(4):289–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan M, Fu F (eds) (2016) Advanced high strength natural fibre composites in construction. Woodhead Publishing

  • Fraile-Garcia E, Ferreiro-Cabello J, Defez B, Peris-Fajanes G (2016) Acoustic behavior of hollow blocks and bricks made of concrete doped with waste-tire rubber. Materials 9(12):962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank G, Christian E, Dietmar K (2011) A novel production method for porous sound-absorbing ceramic material for high-temperature applications. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 8(3):646–652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujiwara K, Ando Y, Maekawa Z (1977a) Noise control by barriers—part 1: noise reduction by a thick barrier. Appl Acoust 10(2):147–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujiwara K, Ando Y, Maekawa Z (1977b) Noise control by barriers—part 2: noise reduction by an absorptive barrier. Appl Acoust 10(3):167–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujiwara K, Furuta N (1991) Sound shielding efficiency of a barrier with a cylinder at the edge. Noise Control Eng J 37(1):5–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujiwara K, Hothersall DC, Kim CH (1998) Noise barriers with reactive surfaces. Appl Acoust 53(4):255–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galip NS, Haron Z, Mohamad RN, Yahya K, Jahya Z, Hezmi MA (2019, August) A framework for green concrete noise barrier materials using palm oil clinker. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1262, No. 1, p. 012018). IOP Publishing

  • Gandoman M, Kokabi M (2015) Sound barrier properties of sustainable waste rubber/geopolymer concretes. Iran Polym J 24(2):105–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghizdăveț Z, Ștefan BM, Nastac D, Vasile O, Bratu M (2016) Sound absorbing materials made by embedding crumb rubber waste in a concrete matrix. Constr Build Mater 124:755–763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gil-Lopez T, Medina-Molina M, Verdu-Vazquez A, Martel-Rodriguez B (2017) Acoustic and economic analysis of the use of palm tree pruning waste in noise barriers to mitigate the environmental impact of motorways. Sci Total Environ 584:1066–1076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grubeša S, Jambrošić K, Domitrović H (2012) Noise barriers with varying cross-section optimized by genetic algorithms. Appl Acoust 73(11):1129–1137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hag-Elsafi O, Elwell DJ, Glath G, Hiris M (1999) Noise barriers using recycled-plastic lumber. Transp Res Rec 1670(1):49–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hajek JJ (1982) Are earth berms acoustically better than thin-wall barriers (No. 896)

  • Halim H, Abdullah R, Ali AAA, Nor MJM (2015) Effectiveness of existing noise barriers: comparison between vegetation, concrete hollow block, and panel concrete. Procedia Environ Sci 30:217–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hallberg B, Larsson C, Israelsson S (1988) Some aspects on sound propagation outdoors. Acta Acust Acust 66(2):109–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Han Z, Chunsheng L, Kombe T, Thong-On N (2008) Crumb rubber blends in noise absorption study. Mater Struct 41(2):383–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hannan NIRR, Shahidan S, Ali N, Bunnori NM, Zuki SSM, Ibrahim MHW (2020) Acoustic and non-acoustic performance of coal bottom ash concrete as sound absorber for wall concrete. Case Stud Constr Mater 13:e00399

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasebe M (1993) A study on the sound reduction by T-profile noise barrier. J Acoust Soc Jpn (e) 14(2):113–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasebe M (1995) Sound reduction by a T-profile noise barrier. J Acoust Soc Jpn (e) 16(3):173–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan A, Imam FS (2013) Design of cost effective noise barrier in Dhaka. Int j Eng Res App 3(2):1708–1714

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong JY, Jeon JY (2014) The effects of audio–visual factors on perceptions of environmental noise barrier performance. Landsc Urban Plan 125:28–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hothersall DC, Chandler-Wilde SN, Hajmirzae MN (1991a) Efficiency of single noise barriers. J Sound Vib 146(2):303–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hothersall DC, Crombie DH, Chandler-Wilde SN (1991b) The performance of T-profile and associated noise barriers. Appl Acoust 32(4):269–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchins DA, Jones HW, Russell LT (1984) Model studies of barrier performance in the presence of ground surfaces Part I—thin, perfectly reflecting barriers. J Acoust Soc Am 75(6):1807–1816

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iannace G (2015) Ceramic material for sound absorption. Noise Vib Worldw 46(3):9–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishizuka T, Fujiwara K (2004) Performance of noise barriers with various edge shapes and acoustical conditions. Appl Acoust 65(2):125–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ismail A, Shadid NAM, Nizam AMN (2016) Development of green curtain noise barrier using natural waste fibres. Adv Mat Res 17(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamrah A, Al-Omari A, Sharabi R (2006) Evaluation of traffic noise pollution in Amman. Jordan Environ Monit Assess 120(1):499–525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jariwala HJ, Syed HS, Pandya MJ, Gajera YM (2017) Noise pollution & human health: a review. Indoor Built Environ, 1–4

  • Jolibois A, Defrance J, Koreneff H, Jean P, Duhamel D, Sparrow VW (2015) In situ measurement of the acoustic performance of a full scale tramway low height noise barrier prototype. Appl Acoust 94:57–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joynt JL (2005) A sustainable approach to environmental noise barrier design (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sheffield)

  • Joynt JL, Kang J (2010) The influence of preconceptions on perceived sound reduction by environmental noise barriers. Sci Total Environ 408(20):4368–4375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klingner R E, McNerney MT, Busch-Vishniac IJ (2003) Design guide for highway noise barriers (No. 1471–1474). Austin, TX, USA: Center for Transportation Research, Bureau of Engineering Research, University of Texas at Austin

  • Knauer HS, Pedersen S, Lee CS, Fleming GG (2000) FHWA highway noise barrier design handbook (No. DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-00–01)

  • Krezel ZA, McManus KJ, Harding G E (2004) The use of layered recycled aggregate concrete barriers in targeting urban noise. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 72

  • Lad RJ, Patil VN, Raut PD (2011) Study of noise pollution during Deepawali festival in Kolhapur city of Maharashtra. India Indian Streams Research Journal 1:82

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamancusa JS, (2000) Noise control. Penn State, 12(4)

  • Laxmi V, Dey J, Kalawapudi K, Vijay R, Kumar R (2019) An innovative approach of urban noise monitoring using cycle in Nagpur. India Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:36812–36819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06817-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee CS, Fleming GG (1996) Measurement of highway-related noise (No. FHWA-PD-96–046; DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-96–5; Final Report). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Environment and Planning

  • Leiva C, Luna-Galiano Y, Arenas C, Alonso-Fariñas B, Fernández-Pereira C (2019) A porous geopolymer based on aluminum-waste with acoustic properties. Waste Manage 95:504–512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lercher P (1996) Environmental noise and health: an integrated research perspective. Environ Int 22(1):117–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long M (2005) Architectural acoustics. Elsevier

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma X, Yang S, Xu B (2005, October) Optimization design of road noise barrier. In IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety, 2005. (pp. 276–280). IEEE

  • Maderuelo-Sanz R, Barrigón Morillas JM, Martín-Castizo M, Gómez Escobar V, Rey Gozalo G (2013) Acoustical performance of porous absorber made from recycled rubber and polyurethane resin. Lat Am J Solids Struct 10:585–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maffei L, Masullo M, Aletta F, Di Gabriele M (2013) The influence of visual characteristics of barriers on railway noise perception. Sci Total Environ 445:41–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin MA, Tarrero A, González J, Machimbarrena M (2006) Exposure–effect relationships between road traffic noise annoyance and noise cost valuations in Valladolid. Spain Appl Acoust 67(10):945–958

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May DN, Osman NM (1980) Highway noise barriers: new shapes. J Sound Vib 71(1):73–101

  • Menge CW, Powers N A (1979) Sound-absorbing barriers: materials and applications (No. Final Rpt.)

  • Mohammed BS, Hossain KMA, Swee JTE, Wong G, Abdullahi M (2012) Properties of crumb rubber hollow concrete block. J Clean Prod 23(1):57–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monazzam MR, Fard SMB (2011) Impacts of different median barrier shapes on a roadside environmental noise screen. Environ Eng Sci 28(6):435–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monazzam M, Nassiri P (2009) Contribution of quadratic residue diffusers to efficiency of tilted profile parallel highway noise barriers. J Environ Health Sci Eng 6(4):271–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Monazzam MR, Lam YW (2005) Performance of profiled single noise barriers covered with quadratic residue diffusers. Appl Acoust 66(6):709–730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monazzam MR, Lam YW (2008) Performance of T-shape barriers with top surface covered with absorptive quadratic residue diffusers. Appl Acoust 69(2):93–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan PA (1999) Boundary element modelling and full scale measurement of the acoustic performance of outdoor noise barriers (Doctoral dissertation, Brunel University, School of Information Systems, Computing and Mathematics)

  • Murata K, Nagakura K, Kitagawa T, Tanaka SI (2006) Noise reduction effect of noise barrier for Shinkansen based on Y-shaped structure. Quarterly Report of RTRI 47(3):162–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okubo T, Fujiwara K (1998) Efficiency of a noise barrier on the ground with an acoustically soft cylindrical edge. J Sound Vib 216(5):771–790

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omidvari M, Nouri J (2009) Effects of noise pollution on traffic policemen. Int J Environ Res 3(4):645–652

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandya GH (2003) Assessment of traffic noise and its impact on the community. Int J Environ Sci 60(6):595–602

    Google Scholar 

  • Parnell J, Samuels S, Tsitsos C (2010) The acoustic performance of novel noise barrier profiles measured at the roadside. Acoust Aust 38(3)

  • Pfretzschner J, Rodriguez RM (1999) Acoustic properties of rubber crumbs. Polym Testing 18(2):81–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radsten-Ekman M, Vincent B, Anselme C, Mandon A, Rohr R, Defrance J, Nilsson ME (2011) Case-study evaluation of a low and vegetated noise barrier in an urban public space. In 40th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (Inter-Noise-2011) (Vol. 5, pp. 1–6). Institute of Noise Control Engineering Japan

  • Rasmussen KB (1986) Outdoor sound propagation under the influence of wind and temperature gradients. J Sound Vib 104(2):321–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saadeghvaziri MA, Macbain K (1998) Sound barrier applications of recycled plastics. Transp Res Rec 1626(1):85–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sagar TV, Rao GN (2006) Noise pollution levels in Visakhapatnam city (India). J Environ Sci Eng 48(2):139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SAR G. (2003) Guidelines on Design of Noise Barriers Environmental Protection Department and Highways Department January

  • Scholes WE, Salvidge AC, Sargent JW (1971) Field performance of a noise barrier. J Sound Vib 16(4):627–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla AK (2011) An approach for design of noise barriers on flyovers in urban areas in India. City 45:50

    Google Scholar 

  • Skånberg A, Öhrström E (2002) Adverse health effects in relation to urban residential soundscapes. J Sound Vib 250(1):151–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snelson DG, Kinuthia JM, Davies PA, Chang SR (2009) Sustainable construction: composite use of tyres and ash in concrete. Waste Manage 29(1):360–367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobral M, Samagaio AJB, Ferreira JMF, Labrincha JA (2003) Mechanical and acoustical characteristics of bound rubber granulate. J Mate Proces Technol 142(2):427–433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spreng M (2000) Central nervous system activation by noise. Noise Health 2(7):49

    Google Scholar 

  • Swift MJ, Bris P, Horoshenkov KV (1999) Acoustic absorption in re-cycled rubber granulate. Appl Acoust 57(3):203–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thakre C, Laxmi V, Vijay R, Killedar DJ, Kumar R (2020) Traffic noise prediction model of an Indian road: an increased scenario of vehicles and honking. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:38311–38320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09923-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. DOT (2000) Federal Highway Administration, “FHWA highway noise barrier design handbook”, Final Report FHWA-EP-00–005

  • U.S. DOT (2001) Federal Highway Administration, “Keeping the noise down: highway traffic noise barriers”. PUBLICATION NO. FHWA-EP-01–004 HEPN/2–01(10M) E

  • Vijay R, Sharma A, Chakrabarti T, Gupta R (2015) Assessment of honking impact on traffic noise in urban traffic environment of Nagpur, India. J Environ Heal Sci Eng 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-015-0164-4

  • Vijay R, Chakrabarti T, Gupta R (2018) Characterization of traffic noise and honking assessment of an Indian urban road. Fluct Noise Lett 17:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219477518500311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang T, Geng J, Zhang X, Zeng J, Xue Y, Tan G, Zhou M (2015, August) Development of noise reduction materials based on industry residue of power plant. In Guangzhou: International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Technology

  • Watts GR (1992) Acoustic performance of traffic noise barriers. A state of the art review. trl published article, (PA 2090/92)

  • Watts GR (1996) Acoustic performance of parallel traffic noise barriers. Appl Acoust 47(2):95–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watts G (2000) Factors affecting the performance of traffic noise barriers. In 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering, Inter Noise, Nice, France

  • Watts GR, Crombie DH, Hothersall DC (1994) Acoustic performance of new designs of traffic noise barriers: full scale tests. J Sound Vib 177(3):289–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waye KP, Bengtsson J, Rylander R, Hucklebridge F, Evans P, Clow A (2002) Low frequency noise enhances cortisol among noise sensitive subjects during work performance. Life Sci 70(7):745–758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams ID, McCrae IS (1995) Road traffic nuisance in residential and commercial areas. Sci Total Environ 169(1–3):75–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong NH, Tan AYK, Tan PY, Chiang K, Wong NC (2010) Acoustics evaluation of vertical greenery systems for building walls. Build Environ 45(2):411–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie H, Kang J, Mills GH (2009) Clinical review: the impact of noise on patients’ sleep and the effectiveness of noise reduction strategies in intensive care units. Crit Care 13(2):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ziobroski D, Powers C (2005) Acoustic terms, definitions and general information. General Electric Company, GER-4248 (06/05)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. WWT Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India

    Vijaya Laxmi, Chaitanya Thakre & Ritesh Vijay

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Vijaya Laxmi & Chaitanya Thakre

Authors
  1. Vijaya Laxmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chaitanya Thakre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ritesh Vijay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data collection and analysis were performed by Vijaya Laxmi, Chaitanya Thakre, and Ritesh Vijay. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Vijaya Laxmi and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ritesh Vijay.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participation

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Laxmi, V., Thakre, C. & Vijay, R. Evaluation of noise barriers based on geometries and materials: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 1729–1745 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16944-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16944-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation