Abstract
The production of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) flavored with diverse spices, herbs, fruits, and vegetables or natural aromas is believed to provide advantageous properties considering either the high nutritional value or biological activity in addition to the flavoring and industrial aspects. The biological activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Tunisian EVOO obtained from “Chemlali” variety and mixed with chili pepper were investigated. Molecular analyses, including the detection of twelve olive-infecting viruses and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv savastanoi, were performed to ensure that the samples were obtained from healthy olive trees and EVOO quality was not affected. Quality parameters like free acidity, peroxide number, oxidative stability, and specific absorption at K232 nm and K270 nm were also investigated and no significant variation was revealed. The content of minor compounds such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, and total phenols showed minor changes. However, the profiles of the volatile compounds showed remarkable differences, which appeared to be the main factor for the observed variability in consumer acceptance. The results showed for the first time high quantities of polyphenols and ortho-diphenols. Four colorimetric methods were used for the determination of the antioxidant activity, namely DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and β-carotene test. Compared to the control, a higher level of antioxidant activity was observed for the flavored EVOO. Furthermore, significant results were obtained in the antimicrobial tests. The quality parameters of the mixture showed no alteration compared to the control. Finally, all the measurements and the chemical characterization gave a scientific basis for food technology innovation of new food products.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Conceptualization: Pr Maher Chaouachi, Dr Hassiba Chahdoura, and Dr Mohamed Salem Zellama. Methodology: Pr Maher Chaouachi, Pr Habib Mosbah, Pr Amira Zairi, and Mme Sara Ismail. Formal analysis and investigation: Pr Maher Chaouachi, Pr Mejdi Snoussi, Dr Borhane Eddine Cherif Ziani, Dr Mohamed Ali Boujbiha, Pr Safia El-Bok, and Pr Boulbaba Selmi. Writing (original draft preparation): Pr Maher Chaouachi, Pr Guido Flamini, and Dr Hassiba Chahdoura. Writing (review and editing): Pr Maher Chaouachi, Pr Guido Flamini, and Dr Hassiba Chahdoura. Funding acquisition: Pr Maher Chaouachi. Resources: Pr Maher Chaouachi, Dr Mohamed Salem Zellama, and Dr Hassiba Chahdoura. Supervision: Pr Maher Chaouachi
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Zellama, M.S., Chahdoura, H., Zairi, A. et al. Chemical characterization and nutritional quality investigations of healthy extra virgin olive oil flavored with chili pepper. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 16392–16403 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16645-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16645-w