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Application of alginate-immobilized microalgae beads as biosorbent for removal of total ammonia and phosphorus from water of African cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) recirculating aquaculture system

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Abstract

Immobilized microalgae are a promising approach to incorporate microalgae in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for water purification. In the present study, two types of biosorbents including sodium alginate–immobilized Scenedesmus spp. and Chlorella spp. beads (algal beads) and sodium alginate beads without microalgae (alginate beads) were prepared. In the first experiment (static test), the potential of two biosorbents to remove different concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and total phosphorus (TP) from water was investigated. In the second experiment, two prepared biosorbents were used as biofilter in a RAS for rearing African cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) for 30 days. The survival rate and growth indices of fingerling fish and removal efficiency of two biosorbents for TAN, NO3—N, and TP were determined. The results of static test showed that the removal efficiency and uptake capacity of the two biosorbents for TAN and TP increased during 30 days of the experiment, and these values for the algal beads were higher than the alginate beads. The TAN removal efficiency of the two biosorbents increased with increasing TAN concentration from 0.5 to 5 mg L−1. The application of algal beads in the RAS improved the survival rate, final weight, final length, weight gain, and daily growth index (DGI%) indices of fish compared to those cultured in the RAS containing the alginate beads and the control (P<0.05). The algal and alginate beads decreased the TAN concentration by 42.85% and 28.57% compared to the control after 30 days of cultivation period, respectively. The uptake of nitrate was not observed by the two biosorbents during cultivation period. The TP removal efficiency of algal beads reached 44.90% after 30 days. The findings of this study indicated that the sodium alginate–immobilized microalgae could be considered as a suitable biofilter to be incorporated into a RAS to improve water quality and consequently enhance the growth and health of fish.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Industrial Microbial Biotechnology Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Mashhad, Iran, for their kind support. This research was supported by the Research & Technology Deputy of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad under the agreement on the use of special facilities for selected young assistant professors (No. 5241; 1400/02/11).

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This work was supported by a grant from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (No. 5241; 1400/02/11).

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  1. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, P.B. 91773-1363, Iran

    Mehrdad Sarkheil & Omid Safari

  2. Industrial Microbial Biotechnology Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Mashhad, Iran

    Maryam Ameri

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Contributions

Mehrdad Sarkheil: Supervision, conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, project administration, writing—original draft preparation. Maryam Ameri: Conceptualization, methodology, writing—review and editing. Omid Safari: Writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Mehrdad Sarkheil.

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Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) animal ethic rights was applied to all experiments on fish.

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Highlights

• Synthesis of two biosorbents of sodium alginate–immobilized Scenedesmus spp. and Chlorella spp. beads and sodium alginate beads for removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and total phosphorus (TP) from water.

• Increasing the removal efficiency and uptake capacity of the two biosorbents for TAN with increasing TAN concentration from 0.5 to 5 mg L−1 and time of experiment.

• TAN and TP removal efficiency and uptake capacity of the alginate-immobilized microalgae beads were higher than those of the alginate beads.

• Application of two biosorbents as biofilter in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) to culture African cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) fish for 30 days.

• Improvement of survival rate and growth performance of African cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) fingerlings cultured in the RAS with the alginate-immobilized microalgae beads.

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Sarkheil, M., Ameri, M. & Safari, O. Application of alginate-immobilized microalgae beads as biosorbent for removal of total ammonia and phosphorus from water of African cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) recirculating aquaculture system. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 11432–11444 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16564-w

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