Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Intensified salinity intrusion in coastal aquifers due to groundwater overextraction: a case study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Groundwater salinization is one of the most severe environmental problems in coastal aquifers worldwide, causing exceeding salinity in groundwater supply systems for many purposes. High salinity concentration in groundwater can be detected several kilometers inland and may result in an increased risk for coastal water supply systems and human health problems. This study investigates the impacts of groundwater pumping practices and regional groundwater flow dynamics on groundwater flow and salinity intrusion in the coastal aquifers of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta using the SEAWAT model—a variable-density groundwater flow and solute transport model. The model was constructed in three dimensions (3D) and accounted for multi-aquifers, variation of groundwater levels in neighboring areas, pumping, and paleo-salinity. Model calibration was carried for 13 years (2000 to 2012), and validation was conducted for 4 years (2013 to 2016). The best-calibrated model was used to develop prediction models for the next 14 years (2017 to 2030). Six future scenarios were introduced based on pumping rates and regional groundwater levels. Modeling results revealed that groundwater pumping activities and variation of regional groundwater flow systems strongly influence groundwater level depletion and saline movement from upper layers to lower layers. High salinity (>2.0 g/L) was expected to expand downward up to 150 m in depth and 2000 m toward surrounding areas in the next 14 years under increasing groundwater pumping capacity. A slight recovery in water level was also observed with decreasing groundwater exploitation. The reduction in the pumping rate from both local and regional scales will be necessary to recover groundwater levels and protect fresh aquifers from expanding paleo-saline in groundwater.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abd-Elaty I, Abd-Elhamid Hany F, Qahman K (2020) coastal aquifer protection from saltwater intrusion using abstraction of brackish water and recharge of treated wastewater: case study of the Gaza aquifer. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 25:05020012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abd-Elhamid HF, Javadi AA, Qahman KM (2015) Impact of over-pumping and sea level rise on seawater intrusion in Gaza aquifer (Palestine). Journal of Water and Climate Change 6:891–902

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agoubi B, Kharroubi A, Abida H (2013) Saltwater intrusion modelling in Jorf coastal aquifer, South-eastern Tunisia: geochemical, geoelectrical and geostatistical application. Hydrological Processes 27:1191–1199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boehmer W 2000: Ground water study Mekong Delta, modelling, HASKONING B. V. Consulting Engineers and Architects, in association with DWRPIS for the South of Vietnam and ARCADIS Euroconsult, Royal Haskoning

  • Casillas-Trasvina A, Zhou Y, Stigter TY, Mussáa FEF, Juízo D (2019) Application of numerical models to assess multi-source saltwater intrusion under natural and pumping conditions in the Great Maputo aquifer, Mozambique. Hydrogeology Journal 27:2973–2992

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chatton E, Aquilina L, Pételet-Giraud E, Cary L, Bertrand G, Labasque T, Hirata R, Martins V, Montenegro S, Vergnaud V, Aurouet A, Kloppmann W, Pauwels (2016) Glacial recharge, salinisation and anthropogenic contamination in the coastal aquifers of Recife (Brazil). Science of The Total Environment 569-570:1114–1125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coulon C, Pryet A, Lemieux J-M, Yrro BJF, Bouchedda A, Gloaguen E, Comte J-C, Dupuis JC, Banton O (2021) A framework for parameter estimation using sharp-interface seawater intrusion models. Journal of Hydrology 600:126509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delsman JR, Hu-a-ng KRM, Vos PC, de Louw PGB, Oude Essink GHP, Stuyfzand PJ, Bierkens MFP (2014) Paleo-modeling of coastal saltwater intrusion during the Holocene: an application to the Netherlands. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 18:3891–3905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dibaj M, Javadi AA, Akrami M, Ke K-Y, Farmani R, Tan Y-C, Chen AS (2020) Modelling seawater intrusion in the Pingtung coastal aquifer in Taiwan, under the influence of sea-level rise and changing abstraction regime. Hydrogeology Journal 28:2085–2103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doherty J (1994): PEST: a unique computer program for model-independent parameter optimisation [online]. In: Water down under 94: groundwater/surface hydrology common interest papers; Preprints of Papers. Barton, ACT: Institution of Engineers, Australia, 1994: 551-554. National conference publication (Institution of Engineers, Australia) ; no. 94/10. Availability: <https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=752715546665009;res=IELENG> ISBN: 085825607X. [cited 03 Nov 20].

  • DONRE 2010: Planning for groundwater resources exploitation, use and protection in Soc Trang province to 2020, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Soc Trang province

  • Duy NL, Nguyen TVK, Nguyen DV, Tran AT, Nguyen HT, Heidbüchel I, Merz B, Apel H (2021) Groundwater dynamics in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: trends, memory effects, and response times. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 33:100746

    Google Scholar 

  • DWRPIS 2010: Report on planning on exploitation, use and protection of ground water resources in Soc Trang province up to 2020 (unpublished)

  • Erban LE, Gorelick SM, Zebker HA, Fendorf S (2013) Release of arsenic to deep groundwater in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, linked to pumping-induced land subsidence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110:13751–13756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erban LE, Gorelick SM, Zebker HA (2014) Groundwater extraction, land subsidence, and sea-level rise in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environmental Research Letters 9:084010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrer N, Folch A, Lane M, Olago D, Katuva J, Thomson P, Jou S, Hope R, Custodio E (2019) How does water-reliant industry affect groundwater systems in coastal Kenya? Science of The Total Environment 694:133634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez Rodriguez B, Rietveld LC, Longley AJ, van Halem D (2019) Arsenic contamination of rural community wells in Nicaragua: a review of two decades of experience. Science of The Total Environment 657:1441–1449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopinath S, Srinivasamoorthy K, Saravanan K, Prakash R, Karunanidhi D (2019) Characterizing groundwater quality and seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers of Nagapattinam and Karaikal, South India using hydrogeochemistry and modeling techniques. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 25:314–334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gossel W, Sefelnasr A, Wycisk P (2010) Modelling of paleo-saltwater intrusion in the northern part of the Nubian aquifer system, Northeast Africa. Hydrogeology Journal 18:1447–1463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green NR, MacQuarrie KTB (2014) An evaluation of the relative importance of the effects of climate change and groundwater extraction on seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers in Atlantic Canada. Hydrogeology Journal 22:609–623

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Q, Huang J, Zhou Z, Wang J (2019) Experiment and numerical simulation of seawater intrusion under the influences of tidal fluctuation and groundwater exploitation in coastal multilayered aquifers. Geofluids 2019:2316271–2316217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ha TP, Dieperink C, Dang Tri VP, Otter HS, Hoekstra P (2018) Governance conditions for adaptive freshwater management in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Journal of Hydrology 557:116–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ha Q-K, Choi S, Phan N-L, Kim K, Phan C-N, Nguyen V-K, Ko K-S (2019) Occurrence of metal-rich acidic groundwaters around the Mekong Delta (Vietnam): a phenomenon linked to well installation. Science of The Total Environment 654:1100–1109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han D, Currell MJ (2018) Delineating multiple salinization processes in a coastal plain aquifer, northern China: hydrochemical and isotopic evidence. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 22:3473–3491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He Z, Han D, Song X, Yang S (2020) Impact of human activities on coastal groundwater pollution in the Yang-Dai River plain, northern China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27:37592–37613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho HD, Aranyossy JF, MQ DL, Hua TVN, Nguyen KC (1991) Environmental isotope study related to the origin, salinization and movement of groundwater in the Mekong Delta (Viet Nam), In Proceedings of a symposium. Isotope Techniques in Water Resources Development Vienna, Vienna, pp 415–428

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoang HT, Bäumle R (2019) Complex hydrochemical characteristics of the Middle–Upper Pleistocene aquifer in Soc Trang Province, Southern Vietnam. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 41:325–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoang TM, van Lap N, Oanh TTK, Jiro T (2016) The influence of delta formation mechanism on geotechnical property sequence of the late Pleistocene–Holocene sediments in the Mekong River Delta. Heliyon 2:e00165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hung Van P, Van Geer FC, Bui Tran V, Dubelaar W, Oude Essink GHP (2019) Paleo-hydrogeological reconstruction of the fresh-saline groundwater distribution in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta since the late Pleistocene. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 23:100594

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung Vu V, Merkel BJ (2019) Estimating groundwater recharge for Hanoi, Vietnam. Science of The Total Environment 651:1047–1057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huq ME, Fahad S, Shao Z, Sarven MS, Al-Huqail AA, Siddiqui MH, Habib ur Rahman M, Khan IA, Alam M, Saeed M, Rauf A, Basir A, Jamal Y, Khan SU (2019) High arsenic contamination and presence of other trace metals in drinking water of Kushtia district, Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Management 242:199–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jayathunga K, Diyabalanage S, Frank AH, Chandrajith R, Barth JAC (2020) Influences of seawater intrusion and anthropogenic activities on shallow coastal aquifers in Sri Lanka: evidence from hydrogeochemical and stable isotope data. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27:23002–23014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi L, Motagh M, Entezam I (2019) Modeling groundwater level fluctuations in Tehran aquifer: results from a 3D unconfined aquifer model. Groundwater for Sustainable Development 8:439–449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan MR, Michael HA, Nath B, Huhmann BL, Harvey CF, Mukherjee A, Choudhury I, Chakraborty M, Ullah MS, Ahmed KM, Goodbred SL, Schlosser P, Bostick BC, Mailloux BJ, Ellis T, van Geen A (2019) High-arsenic groundwater in the southwestern Bengal Basin caused by a lithologically controlled deep flow system. Geophysical Research Letters 46:13062–13071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christian D. Langevin DTT, Jr., Alyssa M. Dausman, Michael C. Sukop,, Guo AW (2008): SEAWAT version 4: a computer program for simulation of multi-species solute and heat transport, techniques and methods Book 6. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008, pp. 48

  • Langevin CD, Zygnerski M (2013) Effect of Sea-level rise on salt water intrusion near a coastal well field in Southeastern Florida. Groundwater 51:781–803

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen F, Tran LV, Van Hoang H, Tran LT, Christiansen AV, Pham NQ (2017a) Groundwater salinity influenced by Holocene seawater trapped in incised valleys in the Red River Delta plain. Nature Geoscience 10:376–381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen F, Tran LV, Van Hoang H, Tran LT, Christiansen AV, Pham NQ (2017b) Groundwater salinity influenced by Holocene seawater trapped in incised valleys in the Red River Delta plain. Nature Geoscience 10:376–381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Fang B, Wang D, Wang X, Man X, Zhang X (2019): leaching characteristics of heavy metals and plant nutrients in the sewage sludge immobilized by composite phosphorus-bearing materials. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16

  • Lin J, Snodsmith JB, Zheng C, Wu J (2009) A modeling study of seawater intrusion in Alabama Gulf Coast, USA. Environmental Geology 57:119–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Liu Q, Yang H (2016) Assessing water scarcity by simultaneously considering environmental flow requirements, water quantity, and water quality. Ecological Indicators 60:434–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loc HH, Low Lixian M, Park E, Dung TD, Shrestha S, Yoon Y-J (2021) How the saline water intrusion has reshaped the agricultural landscape of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, a review. Science of The Total Environment 794:148651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Q, Li H, Wang X, Wang C, Wan L, Wang X, Jiang X (2015) Estimation of seawater–groundwater exchange rate: case study in a tidal flat with a large-scale seepage face (Laizhou Bay, China). Hydrogeology Journal 23:265–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma C, Li Y, Li X, Gao L (2020) Evaluation of groundwater sustainable development considering seawater intrusion in Beihai City, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27:4927–4943

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahlknecht J, Merchán D, Rosner M, Meixner A, Ledesma-Ruiz R (2017) Assessing seawater intrusion in an arid coastal aquifer under high anthropogenic influence using major constituents, Sr and B isotopes in groundwater. Science of The Total Environment 587-588:282–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour AYS, Baba A, Gunduz O, Şimşek C, Elçi A, Murathan A, Sözbilir H (2017) Modeling of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer of Karaburun Peninsula, western Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences 76:775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marghade D, Malpe DB, Duraisamy K, Patil PD, Li P (2020): Hydrogeochemical evaluation, suitability, and health risk assessment of groundwater in the watershed of Godavari basin, Maharashtra, Central India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research

  • Matiatos I, Varouchakis EA, Papadopoulou MP (2019) Performance evaluation of multiple groundwater flow and nitrate mass transport numerical models. Environmental Modeling & Assessment 24:659–675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer R, Engesgaard P, Sonnenborg TO (2019) Origin and dynamics of saltwater intrusion in a regional aquifer: combining 3-D saltwater modeling with geophysical and geochemical data. Water Resources Research 55:1792–1813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minderhoud PSJ, Erkens G, Pham VH, Bui VT, Erban L, Kooi H, Stouthamer E (2017) Impacts of 25 years of groundwater extraction on subsidence in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environmental Research Letters 12:064006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minderhoud PSJ, Middelkoop H, Erkens G, Stouthamer E (2020) Groundwater extraction may drown mega-delta: projections of extraction-induced subsidence and elevation of the Mekong Delta for the 21st century. Environmental Research Communications 2:011005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mustafa SMT, Hasan MM, Saha AK, Rannu RP, Van Uytven E, Willems P, Huysmans M (2019) Multi-model approach to quantify groundwater-level prediction uncertainty using an ensemble of global climate models and multiple abstraction scenarios. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 23:2279–2303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nam NDG, Goto A, Osawa K (2017a): groundwater modeling for groundwater management in the coastal area of Mekong Delta, Vietnam. 農業農村工学会論文集 85, I_93-I_103

  • Nam NDG, Goto A, Osawa K (2017b) Groundwater modeling for groundwater management in the coastal area of Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Transactions of The Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Rural Engineering 85:I_93–I_103

    Google Scholar 

  • Nofal ER, Amer MA, El-Didy SM, Fekry AM (2015) Delineation and modeling of seawater intrusion into the Nile Delta Aquifer: a new perspective. Water Science 29:156–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ono M, Machida I, Ikawa R, Kamitani T, Oyama K, Muranaka Y, Ito A, Marui A (2019) Regional groundwater flow system in a stratovolcano adjacent to a coastal area: a case study of Mt. Fuji and Suruga Bay, Japan. Hydrogeology Journal 27:717–730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park E, Loc HH, Van Binh D, Kantoush S (2021) The worst 2020 saline water intrusion disaster of the past century in the Mekong Delta: impacts, causes, and management implications. Ambio

  • Pham VH, Van Geer FC, Bui Tran V, Dubelaar W, Oude Essink GHP (2019) Paleo-hydrogeological reconstruction of the fresh-saline groundwater distribution in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta since the late Pleistocene. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 23:100594

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahaman MA, Rahman MM, Nazimuzzaman M (2020) Impact of salinity on infectious disease outbreaks: experiences from the global coastal region. In: Leal Filho W, Wall T, Azul AM, Brandli L, Özuyar PG (eds) Good Health and Well-Being. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 415–424

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Reid MC, Asta MP, Falk L, Maguffin SC, Cong Pham VH, Le HA, Bernier-Latmani R, Le Vo P (2021) Associations between inorganic arsenic in rice and groundwater arsenic in the Mekong Delta. Chemosphere 265:129092

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scharping RJ, Garman KM, Henry RP, Eswara PJ, Garey JR (2018) The fate of urban springs: pumping-induced seawater intrusion in a phreatic cave. Journal of Hydrology 564:230–245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seddique AA, Masuda H, Anma R, Bhattacharya P, Yokoo Y, Shimizu Y (2019) Hydrogeochemical and isotopic signatures for the identification of seawater intrusion in the paleobeach aquifer of Cox's Bazar city and its surrounding area, south-east Bangladesh. Groundwater for Sustainable Development 9:100215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaad K, Burlando P (2019) Monitoring and modelling of shallow groundwater dynamics in urban context: the case study of Jakarta. Journal of Hydrology 573:1046–1056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha S, Bach TV, Pandey VP (2016) Climate change impacts on groundwater resources in Mekong Delta under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios. Environmental Science & Policy 61:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein S, Sola F, Yechieli Y, Shalev E, Sivan O, Kasher R, Vallejos A (2020) The effects of long-term saline groundwater pumping for desalination on the fresh–saline water interface: field observations and numerical modeling. Science of The Total Environment 732:139249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strady E, Dinh QT, Némery J, Nguyen TN, Guédron S, Nguyen NS, Denis H, Nguyen PD (2017) Spatial variation and risk assessment of trace metals in water and sediment of the Mekong Delta. Chemosphere 179:367–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ta TKO, Nguyen VL, Tateishi M, Kobayashi I, Saito Y, Nakamura T (2002) Sediment facies and Late Holocene progradation of the Mekong River Delta in Ben Tre Province, southern Vietnam: an example of evolution from a tide-dominated to a tide- and wave-dominated delta. Sedimentary Geology 152:313–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toan TQ (2014) 9 - Climate change and sea level rise in the Mekong Delta: flood, tidal inundation, salinity intrusion, and irrigation adaptation methods. In: Thao ND, Takagi H, Esteban M (eds) Coastal Disasters and Climate Change in Vietnam. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 199–218

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tran LT, Larsen F, Pham NQ, Christiansen AV, Tran N, Vu HV, Tran LV, Hoang HV, Hinsby K (2012) Origin and extent of fresh groundwater, salty paleowaters and recent saltwater intrusions in Red River flood plain aquifers, Vietnam. Hydrogeology Journal 20:1295–1313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tran DA, Tsujimura M, Le Phu V, Kawachi A, Ha DT (2014) Chemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in coastal watershed, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Procedia Environmental Sciences 20:712–721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tran DA, Tsujimura M, Vo LP, Nguyen VT, Nguyen LD, Dang TD (2019) Stable isotope characteristics of water resources in the coastal area of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 55:566–587

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tran DA, Tsujimura M, Vo LP, Nguyen VT, Kambuku D, Dang TD (2020) Hydrogeochemical characteristics of a multi-layered coastal aquifer system in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42:661–680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tran DA, Tsujimura M, Ha NT, Nguyen VT, Binh DV, Dang TD, Doan Q-V, Bui DT, Anh Ngoc T, Phu LV, Thuc PTB, Pham TD (2021) Evaluating the predictive power of different machine learning algorithms for groundwater salinity prediction of multi-layer coastal aquifers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Ecological Indicators 127:107790

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tweed S, Massuel S, Seidel JL, Chhuon K, Lun S, Eang KE, Venot JP, Belaud G, Babic M, Leblanc M (2020) Seasonal influences on groundwater arsenic concentrations in the irrigated region of the Cambodian Mekong Delta. Science of The Total Environment 728:138598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Engelen J, Verkaik J, King J, Nofal ER, Bierkens MFP, Oude Essink GHP (2019) A three-dimensional palaeohydrogeological reconstruction of the groundwater salinity distribution in the Nile Delta aquifer. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 23:5175–5198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varni M, Comas R, Weinzettel P, Dietrich S (2013) Application of the water table fluctuation method to characterize groundwater recharge in the Pampa plain, Argentina. Hydrological Sciences Journal 58:1445–1455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wada Y (2016) Modeling groundwater depletion at regional and global scales: present state and future prospects. In: Cazenave A, Champollion N, Benveniste J, Chen J (eds) Remote Sensing and Water Resources. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 229–261

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner F, Tran VB, Renaud FG (2010) Chapter 7: groundwater resources in the Mekong Delta: availability, utilization and risks. In: Kuenze FGRC (ed) The Mekong Delta system: Interdisciplinary Analyses of a River Delta. Springer, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Walther M, Stoeckl L, Morgan LK (2020) Post-pumping seawater intrusion at the field scale: Implications for coastal aquifer management. Advances in Water Resources 138:103561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang T-Y, Wang P, Zhang Y-C, Yu J-J, Du C-Y, Fang Y-H (2019) Contrasting groundwater depletion patterns induced by anthropogenic and climate-driven factors on Alxa Plateau, northwestern China. Journal of Hydrology 576:262–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wichelns D (2017) Volumetric water footprints, applied in a global context, do not provide insight regarding water scarcity or water quality degradation. Ecological Indicators 74:420–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willmott CJ, Robeson SM, Matsuura K (2012) A refined index of model performance. International Journal of Climatology 32:2088–2094

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health O (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao H, Tang Y, Li H, Zhang L, Ngo-Duc T, Chen D, Tang Q (2021): Saltwater intrusion into groundwater systems in the Mekong Delta and links to global change. Advances in Climate Change Research

  • Xiong G-Y, Chen G-Q, Xu X-Y, Liu W-Q, Fu T-F, Khokiattiwong S, Kornkanitnan N, Ali Seddique A, Shi X-F, Liu S-F, Su Q, Xu X-L (2020) A comparative study on hydrochemical evolution and quality of groundwater in coastal areas of Thailand and Bangladesh. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 195:104336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang L, Qi Y, Zheng C, Andrews BC, Yue S, Lin S, Li Y, Wang C, Xu Y, Li H (2018) A modified water-table fluctuation method to characterize regional groundwater discharge. Water 10:10

    Google Scholar 

  • Yechieli Y, Yokochi R, Zilberbrand M, Lu Z-T, Purtschert R, Sueltenfuss J, Jiang W, Zappala J, Mueller P, Bernier R, Avrahamov N, Adar E, Talhami F, Livshitz Y, Burg A (2019) Recent seawater intrusion into deep aquifer determined by the radioactive noble-gas isotopes 81Kr and 39Ar. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 507:21–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin J, Pham Hai V, Tsai Frank TC (2020) multiobjective spatial pumping optimization for groundwater management in a multiaquifer system. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 146:04020013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu X, Michael HA (2019) Mechanisms, configuration typology, and vulnerability of pumping-induced seawater intrusion in heterogeneous aquifers. Advances in Water Resources 128:117–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Availability of data and materials

Data available on request from the authors

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Water Resources Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Dang An Tran

  2. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan

    Maki Tsujimura

  3. INTERA Incorporated, 9600 Great Hills Trail #300w, Austin, TX, 78759, USA

    Hai V. Pham

  4. Department of Hydrogeology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany

    Tam V. Nguyen

  5. Water Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand

    Loc Huu Ho

  6. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Phu Le Vo & Khai Quang Ha

  7. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Phu Le Vo & Khai Quang Ha

  8. Institute for Water and Environment Research, Thuyloi University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Thanh Duc Dang

  9. Master Program in Water Technology, Reuse, and Management, Vietnamese-German University, 2-Le Lai Street, Hoa Phu Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, 820000, Vietnam

    Doan Van Binh

  10. Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan

    Quang-Van Doan

Authors
  1. Dang An Tran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maki Tsujimura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hai V. Pham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tam V. Nguyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Loc Huu Ho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Phu Le Vo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Khai Quang Ha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Thanh Duc Dang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Doan Van Binh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Quang-Van Doan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Dang An Tran: Data curation, investigation, methodology, modeling, calibration and validation, writing—original draft. Maki Tsujimura: Supervision, methodology, writing—review and editing. Hai V. Pham: Methodology, writing—review and editing. Tam V. Nguyen: Data curation, investigation, methodology, writing—original draft. Ho Huu Loc: Methodology, writing—original draft. Phu Vo Le: Modeling, validation, writing—review and editing. Ha Quang Khai: Modeling, validation, writing—original draft. Thanh Duc Dang: Methodology, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Doan Van Binh: Data curation, investigation. Quang-Van Doan: Modeling, validation, writing—review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dang An Tran.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

Not applicable

Consent to participate

Not applicable

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: V. V.S.S. Sarma

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tran, D.A., Tsujimura, M., Pham, H.V. et al. Intensified salinity intrusion in coastal aquifers due to groundwater overextraction: a case study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 8996–9010 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16282-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16282-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation