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Ectomycorrhizal fungi enhance the tolerance of phytotoxicity and cadmium accumulation in oak (Quercus acutissima Carruth.) seedlings: modulation of growth properties and the antioxidant defense responses

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Abstract

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), which form symbiotic ectomycorrhiza with tree roots, mediate heavy metal tolerance of host plants. To investigate the roles of EMF in the growth, modulation of oxidative stress, and cadmium (Cd) accumulation and translocation in Quercus acutissima seedlings, ectomycorrhizal seedlings inoculated with Suillus luteus were treated with different Cd concentrations (0.1, and 5 mg kg−1) for 14 days. EMF accelerated seedling growth and Cd accumulation in roots under the highest Cd concentration of 5 mg kg−1. Catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities increased in the leaves of ectomycorrhizal seedlings under the highest Cd concentration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) trended to increase under both Cd concentrations. Although reduced glutathione (GSH) increased after inoculation of EMF under both Cd concentrations, the release of malondialdehyde increased in the leaves and roots under the highest Cd concentration, indicating that the defense role of EMF in Q. acutissima depends on the Cd concentration. These results indicate that EMF mitigate Cd stress by promoting plant growth and nutrient uptake while modulating the antioxidant system to reduce oxidative stress.

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Data and materials availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071559; 41877424; 31870606), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2018MD002), and Special Funs for Forest Science Research in the Public Welfare (201404107). Thanks to Dr. William K., North Carolina State University, for linguistic advice.

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  1. Wen Sun, Baoshan Yang are contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, China

    Wen Sun, Baoshan Yang, Yidan Zhu & Hui Wang

  2. Shandong Academy of Forestry, No. 42, East Road of Wenhua, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China

    Guanghua Qin

  3. College of Art and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Hanqi Yang

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  1. Wen Sun
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All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Wen Sun, Baoshan Yang, Yidan Zhu, and Guanghua Qin. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Wen Sun. The authors Hui Wang and Hanqi Yang revised the content of the article, and Wen Sun corrected the article according to the comments and the requested changes. All the authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Sun, ., Yang, B., Zhu, Y. et al. Ectomycorrhizal fungi enhance the tolerance of phytotoxicity and cadmium accumulation in oak (Quercus acutissima Carruth.) seedlings: modulation of growth properties and the antioxidant defense responses. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 6526–6537 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16169-3

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