Abstract
Modern lifestyle and alleviated anthropogenic activities have increased the pollutant load, ultimately causing stress on the environment. In industrialization, many harmful compounds are released into the environment polluting air, water, and soil, triggering adverse impacts on the ecosystem and human beings. Therefore, the development of advanced remediation technologies turns out as a significant environmental priority. Less polar cyclic oligosaccharide Cyclodextrin (CD) with cavity binding organic compounds attracted attention by helping effectively as environmental application. The formation of inclusion complexes and modified Cyclodextrin by cross-linking or surface modification enhances their capacity to abate pollutant effectively from the environment. Modification results in the formation of several novel materials such as CD-based composites, nanocomposites, crosslinked polymer or hydrogels, potent cross-linkers, CD-based membranes, and CD immobilized supports. Several environmental remediation technologies based on Cyclodextrin and modified Cyclodextrin have been discussed in detail in this review. Various environmental applications of Cyclodextrin and its derivatives have been discussed, along with their formation, properties, and characterization. Effective removal of organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants, micropollutants, volatile compounds etc., has been explained using several remediation technologies. Based on CD innocuity, this is referred to as the green process. The reversible equilibrium corresponded by the inclusion phenomenon sets a significant trend in the field of CD environmental application to develop techniques by incorporating supramolecular chemistry as well as irreversible methods such as biodegradation and advanced oxidation. It helps in the complete removal of pollutants and ultimately recycling the CD.
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Acknowledgements
The authors reviewed the research paper, and articles thus cited 111 research articles representing the significant contributions in the field of Cyclodextrin, their utilization in environmental remediation and monitoring techniques. We owe our sincere gratitude to all researchers and investigators who made this review possible. This research does not receive any specific grant from funding agencies of commercial, not-for-profit and public sectors. ST and RJ conceived the idea, coordinated the work and critically revised the manuscript. I drafted the manuscript, performed a literature search and designed table and figures.
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Yadav, M., Thakore, S. & Jadeja, R. A review on remediation technologies using functionalized Cyclodextrin. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 236–250 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15887-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15887-y