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Annotation of chemotaxis gene clusters and proteins involved in chemotaxis of Bacillus subtilis strain MB378 capable of biodecolorizing different dyes

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Abstract

This study explores the chemotactic potential of Bacillus subtilis MB378 against industrial dyes. Initial screening with swim plate assay showed significant movement of Bacillus subtilis MB378 towards test compounds. According to quantitative capillary assay, B. subtilis MB378 exhibited high chemotaxis potential towards Acid Orange 52 (CI: 9.52), followed by Direct Red 28 (CI: 8.39) and Basic Green 4 (CI: 5.21) in glucose-supplemented medium. Sequencing and gene annotation results evidently showed presence of chemotaxis genes and flagellar motor proteins in Bacillus subtilis draft genome. Methyl-accepting proteins (involved in chemotaxis regulation) belonged to pfam00672, pfam00072, and pfam00015 protein families. Annotated chemotaxis machinery of MB378 comprised 8 Che genes, 5 chemoreceptor genes, associated flagellar proteins, and rotary motors. Chemotaxis genes of B. subtilis MB378 were compared with genes of closely related Bacillus strains (168, WK1, and HTA426), depicting highly conserved regions showing evolutionary relation between them. Considering results of present study, it can be speculated that test compounds triggered chemotactic genes, which made these compounds bioavailable to the bacterium. Hence, the bacterium recognized and approached these compounds and facilitated biodegradation and detoxification of these compounds.

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Acknowledgements

Whole genome sequencing was done at Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan

    Uruj Tahir, Fozia Aslam & Azra Yasmin

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan

    Uruj Tahir & Azra Yasmin

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan

    Uruj Tahir

  4. National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Shiza Nawaz

  5. School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia

    Umair Hassan Khan

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  1. Uruj Tahir
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  2. Fozia Aslam
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  4. Umair Hassan Khan
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Contributions

Uruj Tahir: Conceptualization and designed experiments, methodology, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, visualization, and writing (original draft, review and editing). Azra Yasmin: Supervision and resources. Fozia Aslam: Data curation. Umair Hassan Khan and Shiza Nawaz: Writing (draft, review and editing).

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Correspondence to Uruj Tahir.

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Tahir, ., Aslam, F., Nawaz, S. et al. Annotation of chemotaxis gene clusters and proteins involved in chemotaxis of Bacillus subtilis strain MB378 capable of biodecolorizing different dyes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 3510–3520 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15634-3

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