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Sources of airborne particulates (PM10) in the port city of Rijeka, Croatia

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Abstract

The air quality monitoring in Rijeka started in the early 1970s and has been oriented to air pollution caused by the big industrial sources (new petroleum refinery, oil burning power plant, coke plant), while maritime traffic was neglected. First emission inventory comprising port emission was done only in 2008 indicating similar level of emissions as road traffic. Further analyses on maritime impact were done within MED project POSEIDON. This was the good opportunity to perform positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis on airborne particulate data and identify principal sources of pollution within the Rijeka urban area. PMF analyses of PM10 collected from the urban background site in the period 2008–2010 identified 5 factors: biomass burning, secondary sulphates, sea spray, road/soil dust and metal industry/traffic. Condition probability functions (CPF) obtained from PMF factors of dust and secondary sulphates indicate that Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu originate from harbour area due to reloading of fertilizers and metal waste, as well as SO42− and NH4+ pointing to maritime corridor leading to the Rijeka harbour. These data could not quantify the maritime impact on the air quality, but gave the first estimation of contribution of various sources to air pollution within the Rijeka Bay area. The maritime contribution to air quality was estimated in other part of the same project, as primary PM2.5 emission obtained from vanadium. Both primary PM2.5 emission and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon profiles indicated reduced economic activity, including maritime traffic, during economic crisis in the period 2008–2012.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was performed within the framework of the project “POllution monitoring of Ship Emissions: an IntegrateD approach for harbours Of the Adriatic basiN – POSEIDON” (Ref: 6437/1M-MED14-12) as a part of MED programme (2007-2013) and financial support is gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

This work was supported by MED programme (European Territorial Cooperation 2007-2013), Ref No.: 6437/1M-MED14-12, POSEIDON.

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  1. Boris Mifka

    Present address: Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Teaching Institute of Public Health/Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Krešimirova 52a, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia

    Ana Alebić-Juretić

  2. Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, R. Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia

    Boris Mifka

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  1. Ana Alebić-Juretić
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  2. Boris Mifka
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AAJ was involved in conceptualization, resources providing, project administration, investigation, supervision and data curation. BM was involved in data curation, software application, validation and formal analyses. Both authors were involved in writing original draft, and read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ana Alebić-Juretić.

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Alebić-Juretić, ., Mifka, B. Sources of airborne particulates (PM10) in the port city of Rijeka, Croatia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 6578–6590 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15629-0

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