Abstract
To improve the understanding of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) variation characteristics in a biological aerated filter (BAF) used for drinking water treatment, this study investigated the effects of gas–water ratios (0, 0.5:1, 2:1, and 10:1), a controlling factor of BAF operation, on DON characteristics. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency in the BAF was consistent with DON concentration and increased as the gas–water ratio increased to a certain point, above which the increase gradually decreased. The optimal gas–water ratio in this study was considered to be 2:1 from the perspective of DOC removal and DON reduction. Use of fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and parallel factor (PARAFAC) model to analyze the effects of the gas–water ratio on the spectral characteristics of DON revealed that humic acid-like substances were not sensitive to the gas–water ratio, while protein-like substances were more sensitive. Increasing the gas–water ratio was beneficial to the reduction of biodegradable DON. Correlation analysis showed that the results obtained using FRI were consistent with those obtained using the PARAFAC model under different gas–water ratios.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd. for supporting this study. We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2012AA062607), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51708214), the High-level Talent Introduction Program of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (40518), and the Key Promotion Project of Henan Province (202102310265) on reactor customization, sample measurements and analyses, experimental consumables purchase, and paper polishing, respectively.
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JK made the experimental program and used FRI technique and PARAFAC model to analyze the spectral data and was a major contributor to the writing of the manuscript. GS provided experimental venues and instruments, guided the experimental process, and analyzed the operating data of the BAF reactor. SL participated in the formulation of the experimental program, was the main contributor to the manuscript review, and provided funding. CS adjusted the operating parameters and was responsible for routine operation of the BAF reactor and for conducting experiments. XG reviewed the manuscript and provided funding.
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Kang, ., Song, Gf., Liu, Sl. et al. Spectral characterization of the effect of gas–water ratio on dissolved organic nitrogen variation along a drinking water biological aerated filter. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 65743–65751 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15528-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15528-4