Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of dental caries between crack cocaine users and a control group. The study included 106 participants in each group matched for age, sex, and exposure to tobacco. Crack cocaine users were selected from institutions for the treatment of chemical dependency, and the control group was recruited from a public school and among patients who sought dental care. A calibrated examiner determined dental caries experience [Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index]. The severity of tooth decay was determined using the Significant Caries Index (SiC). The prevalence of dental caries (DMFT ≥ 1) was 96.2 and 81.1% among the crack cocaine users and nonusers, respectively. Crack users had higher mean DMFT values (7.16 versus 4.92) for the decayed and missing components as well as a higher percentage of individuals with highly severe caries compared to nonusers. After the adjustments in the multivariate model, the prevalence of caries was 18% higher among the crack users (prevalence ratio: 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.30). Age, family income, crack cocaine use, and dental calculus were associated with the occurrence of dental caries. In conclusion, the prevalence of caries was higher among the crack users compared with the control group and remained associated with dental caries in the multivariate analysis.
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
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The study received funding from the State of Rio Grande do Sul Research Foundation (FAPERGS-12/1655-7). This funding body had no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data or the writing of the manuscript.
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Raquel Pippi Antoniazzi made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the work, the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, the drafting of the manuscript and revising it critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published. Catiusse Crestani Del ' Agnese was involved in drafting the manuscript, revising it critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published. Letícia Westphalen Bento was involved in drafting the manuscript, revising it critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published. Bianca Zimmermann Santos was involved in drafting the manuscript, revising it critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published. Jovito Adiel Skupien was involved in drafting the manuscript, revising it critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published. Carlos Alberto Feldens made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the work, the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, the drafting of the manuscript and revising it critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published.
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The institutional review board of the Franciscan University approved the protocol for the present study (certificate number: 02451812.6.0000.5306). All participants signed a statement of informed consent.
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Antoniazzi, .P., Del’Agnese, C.C., Bento, L.W. et al. Association between crack cocaine use and dental caries experience: a cross-sectional study in southern Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 68417–68425 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15356-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15356-6