Abstract
In this research work, the biosorption potential of brown algae, Sargassum polycystum, was investigated for the removal of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), under controlled environmental conditions. The biosorbent prepared from the S. polycystum was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The optimal conditions identified using Box-Behnken design (BBD) for Cd removal were pH: 4.65, biosorbent mass: 1.8 g/L and shaking speed: 76 rpm. For zinc, the optimum values were pH: 5.7, biosorbent mass: 1.2 g/L and shaking speed: 125 rpm, respectively. The equilibrium uptake of the metals, Cd and Zn, was evaluated by isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm proved to be an excellent fit confirming single layer of sorption. The maximum Cd and Zn uptakes achieved were 105.26 mg/g and 116.2 mg/g respectively. The kinetics of Cd and Zn biosorption onto brown algae Sargassum polycystum, follows pseudo-second order. The thermodynamic parameters were determined, and the sorption process was found to be feasible. Desorption studies of Cd and Zn were performed, and the bio sorbent reproduced appreciable efficiency for five successive cycles of sorption-desorption process using HCl.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- BD :
-
D-R constant
- bT :
-
Temkin constant
- C:
-
Intercept
- Ce :
-
Equilibrium concentration of the metal in the solution (mg/L)
- C0 :
-
Initial metal ion concentration (mg/L)
- K:
-
Equilibrium constant
- KF :
-
Freundlich isotherm constant
- kL :
-
Langmuir sorption constant (L/mg)
- KT :
-
Equilibrium binding constant in L/mg
- k1 :
-
Rate constant of the first-order equation (min−1)
- k2 :
-
Rate constant of second-order equation(g/mg min)
- Kid :
-
Intra particle diffusion rate constant in mg g−1 min−0.5
- qe, qm qt :
-
Amount of the metal ions sorbed at equilibrium, maximum and at given time (mg/g)
- qmax :
-
Monolayer sorption capacity (mg/g)
- R:
-
Universal gas constant 8.314 × 10−3 in kJ/mol K
- T:
-
Temperature in Kelvin
- T:
-
Time (min)
- V:
-
Volume of solution (L)
- W:
-
Mass of biosorbent (g)
- 1/n:
-
Heterogeneity factor
- ∆G ͦ :
-
Gibbs free energy (kJ/mol)
- ∆H ͦ :
-
Enthalpy change (kJ/mol)
- ∆S ͦ :
-
Entropy change (kJ/mol K)
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V.J.—conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, validation, writing—original draft; S.G.—resources, supervision; N.R.—resources, writing—review & editing; M.R.—methodology, software, visualization, writing—review & editing.
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Jayakumar, V., Govindaradjane, S., Rajamohan, N. et al. Biosorption potential of brown algae, Sargassum polycystum, for the removal of toxic metals, cadmium and zinc. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 41909–41922 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15185-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15185-7