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In vivo exposure of marine mussels to venlafaxine: bioconcentration and metabolization

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Abstract

Pharmaceuticals are present in natural waters, thus contributing to the general exposure of aquatic organisms, but few data are available on the accumulation of these substances in marine organisms. The present study evaluated the in vivo bioconcentration of an antidepressant—venlafaxine (VLF)—in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) during 7 days of exposure at nominal 10 μg/L concentration, followed by a 7-day depuration period. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) was 265 mL/g dry weight (dw). VLF accumulation reached an average tissue concentration of 2146 ± 156 ng/g dw within 7 days, showing a first-order kinetics process. N-desmethylvenlafaxine (N-VLF) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (O-VLF) metabolites were quantified in mussel tissues, whereas N,N-didesmethylvenlafaxine (NN-VLF) was only recorded as being detected. These three metabolites were also quantified in water, indicating an active metabolism and VLF excretion in Mediterranean mussels. Complementary experiments conducted at nominal concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 μg/L for 7 days confirmed the VLF bioconcentration and metabolism and allowed us to quantify a supplementary metabolite, i.e., N,O-didesmethylvenlafaxine (NO-VLF), in mussel tissues. These results encourage further research on a more complete characterization of metabolism and on any disturbances linked to bioconcentration of VLF on bivalves.

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Acknowledgements

The analyses were performed at the Platform on non-target environmental analysis (PONTEM), member of the MAMMA facility, Biocampus, Montpellier.

Funding

Funding support was obtained from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), France, and the PEPSEA Project is acknowledged. Funding support was obtained from Sanofi Winthrop Industry. This research benefited from the support of the Chair Veolia Environment—HydroSciences: Risk analysis relating to emerging contaminants in water bodies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. HydroSciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093, Montpellier cedex 5, France

    Elena Gomez, Clothilde Boillot, Maria Jesus Martinez Bueno, Olivier Mathieu, Frédérique Courant & Hélène Fenet

  2. Residuos De Plaguicidas, Departamento de Fisica y Quimica, Almeria University, Almería, Spain

    Maria Jesus Martinez Bueno

  3. MARBEC, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, Montpellier, France

    Dominique Munaron

Authors
  1. Elena Gomez
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  4. Dominique Munaron
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  5. Olivier Mathieu
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  6. Frédérique Courant
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  7. Hélène Fenet
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the experiment, wrote, read, and approved the final manuscript.

Elena Gomez has coordinated the experimental procedures and the contribution of each of the authors.

Clothilde Boillot has mainly managed the experimental procedures.

Maria Jesus Martinez Bueno has validated the chemicals analyses procedures.

Dominique Munaron has managed the experimental mussel exposures.

Mathieu Olivier has contributed mainly to the discussion on pharmaceuticals metabolism.

Frédérique Courant has mainly contributed to the final discussion.

Hélène Fenet has coordinated the scientific project.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elena Gomez.

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Responsible Editor: Cinta Porte

The analyses were performed at the Platform on non-target environmental analysis (PONTEM), member of the MAMMA facility, Biocampus, Montpellier.

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Gomez, E., Boillot, C., Martinez Bueno, M.J. et al. In vivo exposure of marine mussels to venlafaxine: bioconcentration and metabolization. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 68862–68870 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14893-4

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