Abstract
This work highlights the performance of an ultrafiltration ceramic membrane as photocatalyst support and oxidant-catalyst/water contactor to promote sulfate radical advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs). Peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation mechanisms include photolysis (UVC irradiation) and chemical electron transfer (TiO2-P25 photocatalysis). The photoreactor is composed of an outer quartz tube (the “window”-radiation entrance to the reactor) and an inner tubular ceramic ultrafiltration membrane, where the catalyst particles (TiO2-P25) are immobilized on the membrane shell-side. PDS stock solution is fed by the lumen side of the membrane, delivering the oxidant to the catalyst particles and to the annular reaction zone (ARZ), being the catalyst and PDS activated by UV light. The design facilitates controlled radial slip of PDS into the catalyst surface and to concurrent water to be treated, flowing with a helix trajectory in the ARZ. Under continuous mode operation, with an UV fluence of 45 mJ cm−2 (residence time of 4.6 s), the UVC/PDS/TiO2 system showed the best removal efficiency for two specific endocrine disrupting chemicals, 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), spiked (100 μg L−1 each) in demineralized water and urban wastewater after secondary treatment.
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Funding
This work was financially supported by the following: (i) Base Funding-UIDB/50020/2020 of the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM—funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); (ii) Project NOR-WATER funded by INTERREG VA Spain-Portugal cooperation program, Cross-Border North Portugal/Galiza Spain Cooperation Program (POCTEP); and (iii) Brazilian Agencies Capes (PROEX 0070041) and FAPERJ (reference E-26/202.995/2015). R.M. Castellanos acknowledges CNPq (Brazil) for his scholarship (141666/2018-8). P.H. Presumido acknowledges FCT for his scholarship (SFRH/BD/138756/2018). Vítor J.P. Vilar acknowledge the FCT Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus 2017 (CEECIND/01317/2017).
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The statement to specify the contribution of each co-author is as follows:
- Conceived and designed the experiments: Reynel M. Castellanos, Vítor J.P. Vilar
- Performed the experiments: Reynel M. Castellanos, Pedro H. Presumido
- Analyzed the data: Reynel M. Castellanos, Pedro H. Presumido, Vítor J.P. Vilar
- Contributed reagents/materials/funding: Márcia Dezotti, Vítor J. P. Vilar
- Drafted or revised the manuscript: Reynel M. Castellanos, Pedro H. Presumido, Márcia Dezotti, Vítor J. P. Vilar
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Highlights
• Low footprint membrane reactor for SR-AOP;
• Ceramic membrane as catalyst support and oxidant-catalyst/water contactor;
• PDS activation by photolysis and chemical electron transfer mechanisms;
• Controlled radial slip of PDS into the catalyst surface and to concurrent water;
• Inhibiting effect of UWW matrix on estrogens removal efficiency.
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Castellanos, R.M., Presumido, P.H., Dezotti, M. et al. Ultrafiltration ceramic membrane as oxidant-catalyst/water contactor to promote sulfate radical AOPs: a case study on 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 42157–42167 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14806-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14806-5