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Load-frequency control in an islanded microgrid PV/WT/FC/ESS using an optimal self-tuning fractional-order fuzzy controller

  • Circular Economy for Global Water Security
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Abstract

Due to the increased complexity and nonlinear nature of microgrid systems such as photovoltaic, wind-turbine fuel cell, and energy storage systems (PV/WT/FC/ESSs), load-frequency control has been a challenge. This paper employs a self-tuning controller based on the fuzzy logic to overcome parameter uncertainties of classic controllers, such as operation conditions, the change in the operating point of the microgrid, and the uncertainty of microgrid modeling. Furthermore, a combined fuzzy logic and fractional-order controller is used for load-frequency control of the off-grid microgrid with the influence of renewable resources because the latter controller benefits robust performance and enjoys a flexible structure. To reach a better operation for the proposed controller, a novel meta-heuristic whale algorithm has been used to optimally determine the input and output scale coefficients of the fuzzy controller and fractional orders of the fractional-order controller. The suggested approach is applied to a microgrid with a diesel generator, wind turbine, photovoltaic systems, and energy storage devices. The comparison made between the results of the proposed controller and those of the classic PID controller proves the superiority of the optimized fractional-order self-tuning fuzzy controller in terms of operation characteristics, response speed, and the reduction in frequency deviations against load variations.

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Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Post-Doctoral Fellowship Scheme grant 05E09, and RUG grants 01M44, 02M18, 05G88, 4B482) and Post-Doctoral fellow (Teaching & Learning) Scheme under MJIIT-UTM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of High Voltage & High Current, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Amirreza Naderipour & Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal Branch, Khalkhal, Iran

    Iraj Faraji Davoodkhani

  3. Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Hesam Kamyab & Roshafima Rasit Ali

Authors
  1. Amirreza Naderipour
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  2. Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek
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  3. Iraj Faraji Davoodkhani
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  4. Hesam Kamyab
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  5. Roshafima Rasit Ali
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Contributions

Amirreza Naderipour: Writing—original draft, conceptualization, methodology. Aldrin Abdullaha: Supervision. Iraj Faraji Davoodkhani: Codding, software. Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek: validation. Hesam Kamyab: Writing—reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Amirreza Naderipour.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Naderipour, A., Abdul-Malek, Z., Davoodkhani, I.F. et al. Load-frequency control in an islanded microgrid PV/WT/FC/ESS using an optimal self-tuning fractional-order fuzzy controller. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 71677–71688 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14799-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14799-1

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