Abstract
Previous studies have found that particulate matter (PM) pollution is a risk factor for respiratory disease by affecting body’s immunity and carrying microorganisms. This study aimed to explore the association between PM and the incidence of mumps in 31 provinces from China. Monthly mumps cases, air pollution concentration, and meteorological factors in each province were obtained between January 2014 to December 2017. We used a generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the associations of PM2.5 and PM10 with monthly mumps cases. We also tested the statistical significance of the differences between effect estimates in the warm season (April to September) and cold season (October to March) to explore potential effect modification. We found that a 10-μg/m3 increase (lag0) in PM2.5, and PM10 was associated with a 2.34% (95% CI: 1.32 to 3.36) and 1.90% (95% CI: 1.19 to 2.62) increase in the monthly counts of mumps cases, respectively. We also observed significant positive associations of PM2.5 and PM10 with mumps cases at lag0–1. These results were robust in our sensitivity analyses. No significant differences were found between the season-specific effects. Our results indicate that there is a positive relationship between PM and the incidence of mumps, which provides important implications for the prevention and control of mumps.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amuakwa-Mensah F, Marbuah G, Mubanga M (2017) Climate variability and infectious diseases nexus: evidence from Sweden. Infectious Disease Modelling 2:203–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2017.03.003
Becker S, Soukup JM (1999) Exposure to urban air particulates alters the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response to respiratory viral infection. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 57:445–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/009841099157539
Chen C, Liu C, Chen R, Wang W, Li W, Kan H, Fu C (2018) Ambient air pollution and daily hospital admissions for mental disorders in Shanghai, China. Sci Total Environ 613:324–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.098
Chen J, Yang J, Zhou M, Yin P, Wang B, Liu J, Chen Z, Song X, Ou C-Q, Liu Q (2019) Cold spell and mortality in 31 Chinese capital cities: definitions, vulnerability and implications. Environ Int 128:271–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.049
Chen J, Wang B, Huang S, Song M (2020) The influence of increased population density in China on air pollution. Sci Total Environ:139456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139456
Cui A, Zhu Z, Chen M, Zheng H, Liu L, Wang Y, Ma Y, Wang C, Fang X, Li P (2014) Epidemiologic and genetic characteristics of mumps viruses isolated in China from 1995 to 2010. Infect Genet Evol 21:384–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2013.12.005
Dastoorpoor M, Sekhavatpour Z, Masoumi K, Mohammadi MJ, Aghababaeian H, Khanjani N, Hashemzadeh B, Vahedian M (2019) Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in Ahvaz, Iran. Sci Total Environ 652:1318–1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.285
Dong K, Hochman G, Kong X, Sun R, Wang Z (2019) Spatial econometric analysis of China’s PM10 pollution and its influential factors: evidence from the provincial level. Ecol Indic 96:317–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.09.014
Duan Y, Liao Y, Li H, Yan S, Zhao Z, Yu S, Fu Y, Wang Z, Yin P, Cheng J (2019) Effect of changes in season and temperature on cardiovascular mortality associated with nitrogen dioxide air pollution in Shenzhen, China. Sci Total Environ 697:134051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134051
Grennan D (2019) Mumps. JAMA 322:1022–1022. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.10982
Gupta RK, Best J, MacMahon E (2005) Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005. BMJ 330:1132–1135. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132
Hao J, Yang Z, Huang S, Yang W, Zhu Z, Tian L, Lu Y, Xiang H, Liu S (2019) The association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of mumps in Wuhan, China: a time-series study. Environ Res 177:108660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108660
Hastie, T.J., 2017. Generalized additive models, Statistical models in S. Routledge, pp. 249-307.
Horne BD, Joy EA, Hofmann MG, Gesteland PH, Cannon JB, Lefler JS, Blagev DP, Korgenski EK, Torosyan N, Hansen GI (2018) Short-term elevation of fine particulate matter air pollution and acute lower respiratory infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 198:759–766. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201709-1883OC
Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K (2008) Mumps. The Lancet 371:932–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5
Lin H, Tao J, Kan H, Qian Z, Chen A, Du Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Ye J (2018) Ambient particulate matter air pollution associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in Guangzhou, China. J Exposure Sci Environ EpidemioL 28:392. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-018-0034-0
Liu K, Hou X, Ren Z, Lowe R, Wang Y, Li R, Liu X, Sun J, Lu L, Song X (2020) Climate factors and the East Asian summer monsoon may drive large outbreaks of dengue in China. Environ Res 109190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109190
Lu SF, Lu LX (2017) Do mandatory overtime laws improve quality? Staffing decisions and operational flexibility of nursing homes. Manag Sci 63:3566–3585. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2523
Lu J, Yang Z, Ma X, Ma M, Zhang Z (2020) The role of meteorological factors on mumps incidence among children in Guangzhou, Southern China. PLoS One 15:e0232273. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232273
Ma Y, Zhao Y, Liu J, He X, Wang B, Fu S, Yan J, Niu J, Zhou J, Luo B (2020) Effects of temperature variation and humidity on the death of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Science of the Total Environment 138226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138226
Peng Z, Wang Q, Kan H, Chen R, Wang W (2017) Effects of ambient temperature on daily hospital admissions for mental disorders in Shanghai, China: a time-series analysis. Sci Total Environ 590:281–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.237
Peng L, Xiao S, Gao W, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Yang D, Ye X (2020) Short-term associations between size-fractionated particulate air pollution and COPD mortality in Shanghai, China. Environ Pollut 257:113483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113483
Phosri A, Ueda K, Phung VLH, Tawatsupa B, Honda A, Takano H (2019) Effects of ambient air pollution on daily hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Bangkok, Thailand. Sci Total Environ 651:1144–1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.183
Richardson M, Elliman D, Maguire H, Simpson J, Nicoll A (2001) Evidence base of incubation periods, periods of infectiousness and exclusion policies for the control of communicable diseases in schools and preschools. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20:380–391. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006454-200104000-00004
Shahzad F, Shahzad U, Fareed Z, Iqbal N, Hashmi SH, Ahmad F (2020) Asymmetric nexus between temperature and COVID-19 in the top ten affected provinces of China: a current application of quantile-on-quantile approach. Sci Total Environ:139115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139115
Song C, Wu L, Xie Y, He J, Chen X, Wang T, Lin Y, Jin T, Wang A, Liu Y (2017) Air pollution in China: status and spatiotemporal variations. Environ Pollut 227:334–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.075
Talmoudi K, Bellali H, Ben-Alaya N, Saez M, Malouche D, Chahed MK (2017) Modeling zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in central Tunisia from 2009-2015: forecasting models using climate variables as predictors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11:e0005844. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005844
Tian Y, Liu H, Wu Y, Si Y, Li M, Wu Y, Wang X, Wang M, Chen L, Wei C (2019) Ambient particulate matter pollution and adult hospital admissions for pneumonia in urban China: a national time series analysis for 2014 through 2017. PLoS Med 16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003010.r005
Wang P, Goggins WB, Chan EY (2018) A time-series study of the association of rainfall, relative humidity and ambient temperature with hospitalizations for rotavirus and norovirus infection among children in Hong Kong. Sci Total Environ 643:414–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.189
Wang C, Zhu G, Zhang L, Chen K (2020) Particulate matter pollution and hospital outpatient visits for endocrine, digestive, urological, and dermatological diseases in Nanjing, China. Environ Pollut 261:114205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114205
WHO, 2018. Global health observatory data repository. Available: 〈https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.1540_53?lang=en〉 (accessed 20 April 2021).
Willocks L, Guerendiain D, Austin H, Morrison K, Cameron R, Templeton K, De Lima V, Ewing R, Donovan W, Pollock K (2017) An outbreak of mumps with genetic strain variation in a highly vaccinated student population in Scotland. Epidemiol Infect 145:3219–3225. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268817002102
Wu H, You E, Jiang C, Yang Y, Wang L, Niu Q, Lu X, Huang F (2020a) Effects of extreme meteorological factors on daily mumps cases in Hefei, China, during 2011–2016. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:4489–4501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07073-y
Wu Y, Jing W, Liu J, Ma Q, Yuan J, Wang Y, Du M, Liu M (2020b) Effects of temperature and humidity on the daily new cases and new deaths of COVID-19 in 166 countries. Sci Total Environ 139051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139051
Xie J, Zhu Y (2020) Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China. Sci Total Environ 138201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138201
Xie J, Teng J, Fan Y, Xie R, Shen A (2019) The short-term effects of air pollutants on hospitalizations for respiratory disease in Hefei, China. Int J Biometeorol 63:315–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-01665-y
Xie J, Zhu Y, Fan Y, Xie L, Xie R, Huang F, Cao L (2020) Association between extreme heat and hospital admissions for cataract patients in Hefei, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(36):45381–45389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10402-1
Yang J, Yin P, Sun J, Wang B, Zhou M, Li M, Tong S, Meng B, Guo Y, Liu Q (2019) Heatwave and mortality in 31 major Chinese cities: definition, vulnerability and implications. Sci Total Environ 649:695–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.332
Yang Z, Hao J, Huang S, Yang W, Zhu Z, Tian L, Lu Y, Xiang H, Liu S (2020) Acute effects of air pollution on the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Wuhan, China. Atmos Environ 225:117358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117358
Yu G, Yang R, Yu D, Cai J, Tang J, Zhai W, Wei Y, Chen S, Chen Q, Zhong G (2018) Impact of meteorological factors on mumps and potential effect modifiers: an analysis of 10 cities in Guangxi, Southern China. Environ Res 166:577–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.047
Yung C-F, Andrews N, Bukasa A, Brown KE, Ramsay M (2011) Mumps complications and effects of mumps vaccination, England and Wales, 2002–2006. Emerg Infect Dis 17:661. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1704.101461
Zhang Z, Chai P, Wang J, Ye Z, Shen P, Lu H, Jin M, Gu M, Li D, Lin H (2019) Association of particulate matter air pollution and hospital visits for respiratory diseases: a time-series study from China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:12280–12287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04397-7
Zhu Y, Xie J, Huang F, Cao L (2020) Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: evidence from China. Sci Total Environ 138704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138704
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the data source of this study: the Data Center of China Public Health Science.
Data vailability
All data can be obtained from the sources cited in this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Mengru Zhang: Data curation, writing-original draft preparation, visualization, investigation
Yongjian Zhu: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, supervision, writing-reviewing, and editing
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
Not applicable
Consent to participate
Not applicable
Consent to publish
All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript for publication.
Conflict of interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, M., Zhu, Y. Association between particulate matter pollution and the incidence of mumps in 31 provinces from China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 51210–51216 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14287-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14287-6