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Does globalization affect the green economy and environment? The relationship between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth

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Abstract

This study analyzes the relationship between globalization, energy consumption, and economic growth among selected South Asian countries to promote the green economy and environment. This study also finds causal association between energy growth and nexus of CO2 emissions and employed the premises of the EKC framework. The study used annual time series analysis, starting from 1985 to 2019. The data set has been collected from the World Development Indicator (WDI). The result of a fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) method describes a significantly worse quality environment in the South Asian region. The individual country as Bangladesh shows a positively significant impact on the CO2 emissions and destroys the level of environment regarding non-renewable energy and globalization index. However, negative and positive growth levels (GDP) and square of GDP confirm the EKC hypothesis in this region. This study has identified the causality between GDP growth and carbon emission and found bidirectional causality between economic growth and energy use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Administration, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Shaanxi, China

    Muhammad Khalid Anser

  2. Department of Management Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Usman

  3. Business Studies Department, Bahria Business School, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan

    Danish Iqbal Godil

  4. Department of Civilization studies, Ibn Haldun University, Başakșehir, Turkey

    Malik Shahzad Shabbir

  5. Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

    Arshian Sharif

  6. Department of Business Administration, Eman Institute of Management and Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

    Arshian Sharif

  7. College of Business, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Mosab I. Tabash

  8. Department of Economics, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain

    Lydia Bares Lopez

Authors
  1. Muhammad Khalid Anser
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  2. Muhammad Usman
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  3. Danish Iqbal Godil
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  4. Malik Shahzad Shabbir
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  5. Arshian Sharif
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  6. Mosab I. Tabash
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  7. Lydia Bares Lopez
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Contributions

Dr Khalid has completed the data analysis part, Mr. Usman completed the “Introduction” section, Dr Danish completed the “Literature review” section, Mr Malik Shahzad wrote the “Methodology” section, Dr Sharif interpreted the data analysis section, Dr Tabash wrote the conclusion, and Miss Lydia Bares wrote abstract parts and format the paper as per journal requirements.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Malik Shahzad Shabbir.

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The original online version of this article was revised: The correct presentation of the 6th Author name is shown in this paper.

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Anser, M.K., Usman, M., Godil, D.I. et al. Does globalization affect the green economy and environment? The relationship between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 51105–51118 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14243-4

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