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Plant uptake and soil retention of radionuclides and metals in vineyard environments

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Abstract

In most European countries, each adult citizen drinks on average more than 20 L of wine every year. Three popular wine-growing areas (Aleksandrovac, Topola, and Orahovac) in Serbia were studied in order to investigate the abundance and uptake of elements from vineyard soil to plants. The specific activities of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, and 7Be) were measured in soil, leaves, and grape berries. 226Ra and 232Th were positively correlated with silt and clay and negatively correlated with sand content in soil. Specific activities of natural radionuclides were also negatively correlated with soil pH and CaCO3. Significant correlations of 40K and 137Cs with organic matter in soil were found. Concentrations of fifteen metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, K, Na, Ca, Mg, and Hg) were also measured in soil samples as well as in grapevine leaves. Analyzed soils were rich in Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, and Cd. High concentrations of Cu were probably caused by long-term use of Cu-based fungicides. Cu was correlated with Fe and organic matter content in soil. Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) were calculated to estimate the uptake of radionuclides and metals. Correlations obtained via PCA enable distinction between the sites Aleksandrovac and Topola relative to Orahovac. The first principal component (PC1) accounting for 30.70% of the total variance correlated significantly with soil pH (H2O), contents of CaCO3, Na, Ca, 40K, and 226Ra in soil, as well as with 226Ra, Na, Ca in plants and TFCa. The second principal component (PC2), with total variance of 17.21%, was mainly correlated with variables pertaining to Mg, Co, and Cr in the soil and TFK.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information file.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by The Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-9/2021-14/200123, 451-03-9/2021-14/200378, and 451-03-68/2020-14/200032).

Funding

The Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-9/2021-14/200123, 451-03-9/2021-14/200378, and 451-03-68/2020-14/200032).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, Lole Ribara 29, Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220, Serbia

    Ljiljana Gulan

  2. Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijica bb, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia

    Jelena M. Stajic & Biljana Milenkovic

  3. Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Maksima Gorkog 30, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia

    Tijana Zeremski & Stanko Milic

  4. Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia

    Dragana Krstic

Authors
  1. Ljiljana Gulan
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  2. Jelena M. Stajic
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  3. Biljana Milenkovic
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  4. Tijana Zeremski
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  5. Stanko Milic
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  6. Dragana Krstic
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Contributions

LjG conceived and designed the study, collected the samples, and wrote a part of the manuscript. JMS and BM prepared the samples, measured specific activities of radionuclides, performed statistical analysis, and wrote the main part of the manuscript. TZ determined metal concentrations and soil properties and provided appropriate discussion on the subject. SM performed PCA analysis. DK provided HPGe detector efficiencies for gamma spectrometry measurements. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jelena M. Stajic.

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Gulan, L., Stajic, J.M., Milenkovic, B. et al. Plant uptake and soil retention of radionuclides and metals in vineyard environments. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 49651–49662 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14239-0

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