Abstract
Heavy metals may coexist with pesticides in farmland through wastewater irrigation, application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, or unappropriated waste disposal. Heavy metals are toxic to soil microorganism, which may influence the environmental behavior of pesticides subsequently. In this study, the influence of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on the degradation of α-cypermethrin and its metabolites, 3-phenoxphenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and 3-(2’,2’-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DCCA), were investigated through soil incubation experiment. It was found heavy metals like Cd2+ and Pb2+ will inhibit the degradation of α-cypermethrin, especially at high concentrations. Pb2+ has a stronger inhibitory effect on the degradation of α-cypermethrin than Cd2+ in the same concentration. With the presence of 10 mg/kg Pb2+, the half-life of α-cypermethrin increased from 41.1 to 99.9 days, even the half-life was 129.3 days with 50 mg/kg of Pb2+. Besides, heavy metals influenced the chiral selective degradation of α-cypermethrin. The enantiomer fraction was near 0.5 when 10 mg/kg of heavy metals existed. Furthermore, the adverse effects of heavy metals on soil urease, catalase, and sucrase activity were assayed. In tested concentrations (10 and 50 mg kg-1), the heavy metals result in strong inhibition of the activity of the enzymes present on soil, jeopardizing the biodegradation by the microbiome and which may inhibit the degradation of α-cypermethrin.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen S, Gu S, Wang Y, Yao YL, Wang GQ, Jin Y, Wu YM (2016) Exposure to pyrethroid pesticides and the risk of childhood brain tumors in East China. Environ Pollut 218:1128–1134
Cui J, Wang F, Gao J, Zhai W, Zhou Z, Liu D, Wang P (2019) Bioaccumulation and metabolism of carbosulfan in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the toxic effects of its metabolites. J Agric Food Chem 67:12348–12356
Duan C, Fang L, Yang C, Chen W, Cui Y, Li S (2018) Reveal the response of enzyme activities to heavy metals through in situ zymography. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 156:106–115
Han Y, Xia YK, Han JY, Zhou JP, Wang SL, Zhu PF, Zhao RC, Jin NZ, Song L, Wang XR (2008) The relationship of 3-PBA pyrethroids metabolite and male reproductive hormones among non-occupational exposure males. Chemosphere 72:785–790
Han J, Zhou L, Luo M, Liang Y, Zhao W, Wang P, Zhou Z, Liu D (2017) Nonoccupational exposure to pyrethroids and risk of coronary heart disease in the Chinese population. Environ Sci Technol 51:664–670
Hartnik T, Sverdrup LE, Jensen J (2008) Toxicity of the pesticide alpha-cypermethrin to four soil nontarget invertebrates and implications for risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:1408–1415
Huang J, Wang LY, Wang WJ, Li TQ, HZL, Yang XE (2019) Current status of agricultural soil pollution by heavy metals in China: a meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ 651:3034–3042
Jayarathne A, Egodawatta P, Ayoko GA, Goonetilleke A (2017) Geochemical phase and particle size relationships of metals in urban road dust. Environ Pollut 230:218–226
Jin H, Webster GRB (1998) GC-ECD determination of cypermethrin and its major metabolites in soil, elm bark, and litter. Fresenius J Anal Chem 360:573–579
Jin YX, Zheng SS, Fu ZW (2011) Embryonic exposure to cypermethrin induces apoptosis and immunotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish Shellfish Immunol 30:1049–1054
Jing X, Yao G, Liu D, Liang Y, Luo M, Zhou Z, Wang P (2017) Effects of wastewater irrigation and sewage sludge application on soil residues of chiral fungicide benalaxyl. Environ Pollut 224:1–6
Katagi T (2012) Isomerization of chiral pesticides in the environment. J Pestic Sci 37:1–14
Lewis DL, Garrison AW, Wommack KE, Whittemore A, Steudler P, Melillo J (1999) Influence of environmental changes on degradation of chiral pollutants in soils. Nature 401:898–901
Liu TF, Sun C, Ta N, Hong J, Yang SG, Chen CX (2007) Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin. J Environ Sci 19:1235–1238
Liu H, Yi X, Bi J, Wang P, Liu D, Zhou Z (2018) The enantioselective environmental behavior and toxicological effects of pyriproxyfen in soil. J Hazard Mater 365:97–106
Ma L, Liu H, Qu H, Xu YG, Wang P, Sun MJ, Zhou ZQ, Liu DH (2016) Chiral quizalofop-ethyl and its metabolite quizalofop-acid in soils: enantioselective degradation, enzymes interaction and toxicity to Eisenia foetida. Chemosphere 152:173–180
Peng H, Chen Y, Weng L, Ma J, Ma Y, Li Y, Islam MS (2019) Comparisons of heavy metal input inventory in agricultural soils in North and South China: a review. Sci Total Environ 660:776–786
Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Sandoval M (2017) Effects of chlorpyrifos on soil carboxylesterase activity at an aggregate-size scale. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 142:303–311
Van Brusselen D, Kayembe-Kitenge T, Mbuyi-Musanzayi S, Lubala Kasole T, Kabamba Ngombe L, Musa Obadia P, Kyanikawa Mukoma D, Van Herck K, Avonts D, Devriendt K, Smolders E, CBL N, Nemery B (2020) Metal mining and birth defects: a case-control study in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Lancet Planetary Health 4:e158–e167
Wang F, Gao J, Zhai W, Cui J, Liu D, Zhou Z, Wang P (2021) Effects of antibiotic norfloxacin on the degradation and enantioselectivity of the herbicides in aquatic environment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 208:111717
Wu B, Hou S, Peng D, Wang Y, Wang C, Xu F, Xu H (2018) Response of soil micro-ecology to different levels of cadmium in alkaline soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 166:116–122
Xiao-zhi G, Lei Z, Gang-ya Z, Cheng-xin F, Li C (2010) Preliminary evidence that copper and zinc inhibits the dissipation of synthetic pyrethroid in red soil. Water Air Soil Pollut 212:345–355
Xie LH, Tang SQ, Wei XJ, Shao GN, Jiao GA, Sheng ZH, Luo J, Hu PS (2017) The cadmium and lead content of the grain produced by leading Chinese rice cultivars. Food Chem 217:217–224
Yao G, Jing X, Peng W, Liu X, Zhou Z, Liu D (2015) Chiral insecticide alpha-cypermethrin and its metabolites: stereoselective degradation behavior in soils and the toxicity to earthworm Eisenia fetida. J Agric Food Chem 63:7714–7720
Ye J, Zhao MR, Liu J, Liu WP (2010) Enantioselectivity in environmental risk assessment of modern chiral pesticides. Environ Pollut 158:2371–2383
Ye J, Zhao MR, Niu LL, Liu WP (2015) Enantioselective environmental toxicology of chiral pesticides. Chem Res Toxicol 28:325–338
Zhao FJ, Ma Y, Zhu YG, Tang Z, McGrath SP (2015) Soil contamination in China: current status and mitigation strategies. Environ Sci Technol 49:750–9
Zhuang P, Zou B, Li NY, Li ZA (2009) Heavy metal contamination in soils and food crops around Dabaoshan mine in Guangdong, China: implication for human health. Environ Geochem Health 31(6):705–715
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Professor Wang Peng for guiding the analysis of experimental data.
Availability of data and materials
The data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Wenqi Jiang: Writing—original draft preparation
Guojun Yao: Software data curation, reviewing, and editing
Xu Jing and Xueke Liu: Visualization
Donghui Liu: Reviewing and editing
Zhiqiang Zhou: Conceptualization
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable
Consent for publication
Not applicable
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Diane Purchase
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
ESM 1
(DOCX 23 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, W., Yao, G., Jing, X. et al. Effects of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on enantioselective degradation behavior of α-cypermethrin in soils and their combined effect on activities of soil enzymes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 47099–47106 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13929-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13929-z