Abstract
Manganese (Mn) pollution in soil, especially around mining areas, is a serious environmental problem worldwide. Generally, plant remediation technology needs to select species with high Mn tolerance, and exploring the Mn tolerance mechanism of tree species with high ecological and economic benefits is of considerable significance for the effective identification and efficient utilization of Mn phytoremediation species. Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is one of the main afforestation tree species, exhibiting high ecological and economic value in subtropical areas and also a plant with high Mn accumulation. To reveal the mechanisms governing the tolerance of this species for Mn stress, the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of seedlings grown in sand cultures under different Mn stress (0.0009~30 mmol·L−1) were analyzed. The results showed that despite the chlorosis of leaves under high Mn stress (30 mmol·L−1), the height of plant seedling, the diameter of ground and the root morphology was not significantly inhibited (p < 0.05), and a high level of Mn accumulated (translocation factor = 1.10). With increasing Mn concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein, and soluble sugar increased, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased at first and later decreased. Under Mn stress, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, and carotenoids increased first and subsequently decreased, and intercellular CO2 concentration and chlorophyll b decreased, but chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics did not change significantly. Taken together, these results indicate that Masson pine can tolerate Mn stress by increasing its antioxidant enzyme activity and non-enzyme metabolite content. In addition, Masson pine can maintain photosynthesis by changing its gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, and chlorophyll fluorescence, which is another important mechanism for coping with high Mn concentrations in the environment. In conclusion, the above results show that Masson pine can be effectively used for phytoremediation of Mn-contaminated soil.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Jiefang Gong for his help and support with the experiment and photos. This work was financially supported by Science and Technology Plan Project in Guizhou Province (Grant No. QKHPTRC [2018]5261), the first class discipline construction project in Guizhou Province (GNYL [2017]007), the 100 High Level Innovating Project (Grant No. QKHRC-2015-4022), the Science and Technology Plan Project in Guizhou Province (Grant No. QKHZC [2018]2305), and the China Scholarship Council (202006670003). The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript.
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Yunxing Bai and Yunchao Zhou designed the study and wrote the manuscript; Jiefang Gong performed the experiment. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Bai, Y., Zhou, Y. & Gong, J. Physiological mechanisms of the tolerance response to manganese stress exhibited by Pinus massoniana, a candidate plant for the phytoremediation of Mn-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 45422–45433 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13912-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13912-8