Abstract
The photo-oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) in solution containing Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) under the ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation (λmax = 365 nm) was studied. In a solution containing 100.0 μg·L−1 As(III) and 10.0 mg·L−1 SRFA at pH 3.0, SRFA induced As(III) photo-oxidation by producing the triplet excited state of SRFA (3SRFA*) and hydroxyl radical(HO˙). Approximately 82% of As(III) oxidation was attributed to HO˙ which depended strongly on HO2˙/O2˙−. The remaining 18% of As(III) oxidation was attributed to the direct reaction between As(III) and 3SRFA*. The photo-oxidation of As(III) was significantly affected by solution pH. Excess SRFA inhibited As(III) photo-oxidation. The addition of a low concentration of ferric ions retarded the photo-oxidation of As(III) due to the poor photo-activity of Fe(III)-SRFA complexes. In contrast, the addition of ferric ions at high concentration greatly accelerated As(III) photo-oxidation because of the high photo-activity of Fe(III)–OH complexes. The fractions of SRFA with different molecular weight showed different oxidizing capacities under UV irradiation which was possibly related to the different contents of phenolic OH groups. The findings have important environmental implications for the photo-transformation behavior of As(III) in natural surface waters containing dissolved organic matter, especially acidic waters.
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This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21667011) and Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Province (No.[2018]1078).
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YJ W conceived and designed the experiments. XH G and X D performed the experiments and analyzed the data. YJ W and X D wrote the manuscript.
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Highlights
1. Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) contributes to the photo-oxidation of arsenite in acidic waters.
2. Both the triplet excited state of SRFA and hydroxyl radical (HO˙) can oxidize As(III). HO˙ is the predominant oxidant for As(III) oxidation in acidic waters containing SRFA.
3. Fe(III)–SRFA complexes have a negative effect on the photo-oxidation of As(III) in acidic waters.
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Wang, Y., Gong, X. & Dong, X. Photo-oxidation of arsenite in acidic waters containing Suwannee River fulvic acid: roles of 3SRFA* and hydroxyl radical. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 45144–45154 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13900-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13900-y