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Cadmium uptake reduction in paddy rice with a combination of water management, soil application of calcium magnesium phosphate and foliar spraying of Si/Se

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Abstract

A field experiment with 24 different treatments was carried out to study the effects of a combination of water management (WM), soil application of calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), and foliar spraying of Si/Se on Cd uptake by paddy rice (Teyou 524). The water management modes included W1 (conventional water management) and W2 (flooding during the whole growth period). The application of CMP included P1 (1800 kg·hm−2) and P2 (3000 kg·hm−2). The leaf spraying regulations included LS (2.0 mmol·L−1 Na2SiO3), LX (25 μmol·L−1 Na2SeO3), and LSX (1.0 mmol·L−1 Na2SiO3 and 12.5 μmol·L−1 Na2SeO3). The results indicated that, compared to the control (W1), flooding and CMP reduced soil exchangeable Cd by 10.3, 21.5, 32.2, 27.6 and 36.9% under conditions of W2, P1, P2, W2P1 and W2P2, respectively; but the grain yield was reduced under W2 condition. Some individual treatments, including W2, P1, P2, LS, LX, and LSX, could reduce Cd concentration in the grain by 23.1–60.3%; but the combined regulations could reduce grain Cd concentrations up to 79.5%. Only the combined mode of CMP and leaf spraying of Si/Se could control grain Cd concentration below the Chinese National Food Safety Standard (0.2 mg·kg−1). Combined modes of fertilizer application (W2 and CMP) and foliar spraying (Si/Se), including W2P2LS, W2P2LX, W2P2LSX, were the most effective in reducing the Cd transport coefficients of both root-to-straw (RS) and straw-to-seed (SS). Considering Cd concentration in grain, treatments W2P2LS and W2P2LSX were the most effective ones, which could reduce Cd concentrations to 0.090 mg·kg−1 and 0.089 mg·kg−1 in grain, respectively. These results demonstrated that combined manipulation of the root zone (W2 and CMP) and foliar spraying (Si/Se) can effectively reduce grain Cd concentrations in rice.

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Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41471274, 41807474), the Funds for Science and Technology Innovation Project from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Service Division (RESAS).

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Author notes

  1. Yanming Cai and Xiaomeng Wang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China

    Yanming Cai, Xiaomeng Wang, Suli Zhi & Yongzhen Ding

  2. The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK

    Luke Beesley & Zulin Zhang

  3. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Zulin Zhang

Authors
  1. Yanming Cai
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  2. Xiaomeng Wang
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  4. Zulin Zhang
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  5. Suli Zhi
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Contributions

Writing-Original Draft, Conceptualization: Yanming Cai and Xiaomeng Wang; Writing-Review & Editing: Luke Beesley and Zulin Zhang; Funding Acquisition: Suli Zhi and Yongzhen Ding.

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Correspondence to Suli Zhi or Yongzhen Ding.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible editor: Gangrong Shi

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Cai, Y., Wang, X., Beesley, L. et al. Cadmium uptake reduction in paddy rice with a combination of water management, soil application of calcium magnesium phosphate and foliar spraying of Si/Se. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 50378–50387 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13512-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13512-6

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