Abstract
This study focused on the feasibility of using Fe3O4/graphene oxide (FGO) nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for the advanced treatment of real industrial wastewater. FGO nanocomposites with different graphene oxide (GO) ratios were synthesized by coprecipitating iron salts onto GO sheets in basic solution. The characterization of the resulting material structures and functionalities was performed using a range of analytical techniques. A low GO loading afforded a good Fe3O4 nanoparticle dispersibility and resulted in a higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and pore volume. The FGO nanocomposites and pure Fe3O4 were used to treat papermaking wastewater in a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. The results suggested that the nanocomposite designated FGO1 (GO loading of 25 mg) exhibits a higher photocatalytic efficiency than other FGO nanocomposites and pure Fe3O4. A maximum chemical oxygen demand degradation efficiency of 89.6% was achieved in 80 min with 1.5 g L−1 FGO1 at pH 3. The degradation of different pollutants present in wastewater was evaluated with the aid of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 3D excitation–emission-matrix analysis. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and magnetic measurements confirmed that the FGO1 nanocomposites possess a low iron leachability and a high reusability. Thus, a comprehensive advanced treatment of real industrial wastewater using a magnetic FGO catalyst is demonstrated.
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Acknowledgements
The authors also thank the Guangxi Sugar Industry Collaborative Innovation Center for their assistance with the laboratory instruments.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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This work was financially supported by the Guangxi Open Fund for Clean Pulp and Paper and Pollution Control, Guangxi University (ZR201801-7).
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Yecan Peng: Conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, and writing—original draft preparation. Guirong Ye: Conceptualization and data curation. Yangliu Du: Investigation and reviewing. Lingyu Zeng: Investigation. Jiawen Hao: Software. Jinghong Zhou: Conceptualization, methodology, reviewing and editing, and writing—review and editing. Shuangfei Wang: Supervision, methodology, and reviewing.
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Peng, Y., Ye, G., Du, Y. et al. Fe3O4 hollow nanospheres on graphene oxide as an efficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for the advanced treatment of biotreated papermaking effluent. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 39199–39209 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13458-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13458-9