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Twenty-year sediment contamination trends in some tributaries of Lake Maggiore (Northern Italy): relation with anthropogenic factors

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Abstract

Lake tributaries collect contaminants from the watershed, which may accumulate in lake sediments over time and may be removed through the outlets. DDx, PCB, PAH, PBDE, and trace element (Hg, As, Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb) contamination was analyzed over 2001–2018 period in sediments of the 5 main tributaries and of the outlet of Lake Maggiore (Northern Italy). Sediment cores were collected in two points of the lake, covering 1995–2017 period. Concentrations were compared to Sediment Quality Guidelines (PECs), potential sources and drivers (land use, population numbers, industrial activities, hydrology) were analyzed, and temporal trends were calculated (Mann-Kendall test). PCB, PBDE, Pb, Cd, and Hg contamination derives mainly from heavy urbanization and industry. Cu and Pb show a temporal decreasing trend in the basin, likely as result of improved wastewater treatments and change in use. A recent PAH increase in the whole lake may derive from a single point source. A legacy DDx and Hg industrial pollution is still present, due to high persistence in sediments. Values of DDx, Hg, Pb, and Cu above the PECs in lake sediments and/or in the outlet show potential risk for aquatic organisms. Results highlight the key role of tributaries in driving contamination from the watershed to the lake through sediment transport.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the reports regarding Lake Maggiore at the website www.cipais.org.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Marzia Ciampitello (CNR-IRSA Verbania, Italy) for her support in recovery of river flow data and Andrea Lami of the same Institute for sediment core dating.

Funding

This work was supported by the International Commission for the Protection of Italian-Swiss Waters (CIPAIS), Research Programs 2001–2007, 2008–2012, 2013–2015, and 2016–2018 (www.cipais.org).

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Author notes

  1. Laura Marziali and Licia Guzzella contributed in equal mode to investigation and conceptualization of the paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy

    Laura Marziali, Licia Guzzella, Franco Salerno, Lucia Valsecchi, Stefano Tasselli, Claudio Roscioli & Alfredo Schiavon

  2. National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Corso Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, VB, Italy

    Aldo Marchetto

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy

    Stefano Tasselli

  4. Department of Ecohydrology, IGB Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany

    Alfredo Schiavon

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  1. Laura Marziali
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Contributions

Laura Marziali: investigation, conceptualization, writing, formal analysis. Licia Guzzella: investigation, conceptualization, writing. Franco Salerno: formal analysis. Aldo Marchetto: investigation, review. Lucia Valsecchi: investigation, data curation. Stefano Tasselli: investigation, data curation. Claudio Roscioli: investigation, data curation. Alfredo Schiavon: formal analysis, figure editing.

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Correspondence to Laura Marziali.

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Marziali, L., Guzzella, L., Salerno, F. et al. Twenty-year sediment contamination trends in some tributaries of Lake Maggiore (Northern Italy): relation with anthropogenic factors. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 38193–38208 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13388-6

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