Abstract
In this study, we investigate the release of melanoidin-like product (MLP) from hybrid silica xerogels to control the quantity of MLP in the medium for lead phytoextraction. In the preparation of the hybrid organic–inorganic xerogels with MLP, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), propyltriethoxysilane (PTES), and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) were used as precursors. The experimental results suggest that the release of MLP can be easily controlled by partially substituting TEOS with the organosilanes. The addition of the organosilanes lowered the release rate of MLP in the following order of xerogels: TEOS, MTES/TEOS, PTES/TEOS, and APTES/TEOS. Furthermore, a novel phytoextraction of lead through the Indian mustard was conducted using the MLP-doped TEOS xerogel. Results show that the addition of TEOS xerogel did not have any influence on the growth of the mustard, whereas the lead uptake significantly increased in a nutrition medium with 1-mM Pb(NO3)2. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of the MLP-doped TEOS xerogel on lead phytoextraction was confirmed.
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Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are extremely thankful to Tetsuo Akaishi who earned a master’s degree at Gunma University by studying the release of MLP from silica xerogels synthesized using tetramethoxysilane. The authors are also grateful to Professor Kenji Kubota who suggested how to analyze in vitro release of the MLP from the doped xerogel.
Funding
This research resulted from the “Element Innovation” project in MEXT and was funded jointly by JSPS KAKENHI in Japan under the grant numbers of 26340069 and 18K11693.
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KH contributed to the study conception and design and acquired the funding. Preparation of xerogels and collection of data on them were performed by MT and TY. DN performed the experiment on phytoextraction with xerogels. KH analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript.
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Hatano, Ki., Teraki, M., Nakajima, D. et al. Controlled release of molasses melanoidin-like product from hybrid organic–inorganic silica xerogels and its application to the phytoextraction of lead through the Indian mustard. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 37562–37569 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13363-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13363-1