Investigating household sector’s non-renewables, biomass energy consumption and carbon emissions for Pakistan

Yousaf, Hazrat; Amin, Azka; Baloch, Amdadullah; Akbar, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12990-y

Research Article
Published: 26 March 2021

Investigating household sector’s non-renewables, biomass energy consumption and carbon emissions for Pakistan

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 28, pages 40824–40834 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Concerns over the observed rising trend towards carbon emissions and the resulting adverse effects of climate change on human activities are the main challenges facing human beings. This study examines household sector’s non-renewables and biomass energy consumption magnitude and how much carbon is emitted from non-renewable and biomass energy in Pakistan by using the PSLM 2018–2019 survey. In addition, using STIRPAT model, this study investigates the effect of income, household size, and clean energy on non-renewables and biomass energy choices of the household sector. The results show that 77% of households rely on the consumption of biomass energy. An average household uses firewood at the largest magnitude of 142.06 kg month⁻¹ and kerosene usage at the smallest magnitude of 4.08 kg month⁻¹ among non-renewables and biomass energy choices. The largest contributor to carbon on average is dang cake and its magnitude of carbon emissions is 0.87 tons household⁻¹ year⁻¹ followed by coal with a magnitude of 0.76 tons household⁻¹ year⁻¹. LPG is the lowest contributor to carbon and its carbon emission magnitude is 0.04 tons household⁻¹ year⁻¹. The income impact finding indicates that LPG, kerosene, firewood, and dang cake are necessities, whereas coal is an inferior commodity. The coefficient of household size indicates that large household uses firewood and dang cake, and small one uses LPG and kerosene. As such, households prefer to reduce non-renewable and biomass consumption by increasing clean energy. Therefore, the study suggests that to reduce non-renewable and biomass energy consumption and follow clean energy provision at household level without compromising on environmental quality. The rise in household income and reducing household size could also be a valid policy option for reducing the non-renewable and biomass energy consumption.

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The data of this study will be available on request.

Notes

https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_DataBooklet.pdf
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI) https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators/Type/TABLE/preview/on Accessed October 23, 2020.
Five energy choices were selected because quantity consumed of these in PSLM 2018–2019 was available.

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Funding

This paper was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA 20030301) and 135 Strategic Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS (No. SDS-135-1701).

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Department of Economics, Faculty of Management & Social Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Baluchistan, 90150, Pakistan
Hazrat Yousaf & Amdadullah Baloch
Faculty of Business Administration, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan
Azka Amin
Institute of Mountain Hazard and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
Muhammad Akbar

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Hazrat Yousaf
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Azka Amin
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Amdadullah Baloch
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Muhammad Akbar
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Contributions

Hazrat Yousaf: conceptualization and writing—original draft.

Amdadullah Baloch: data curation and visualization.

Azka Amin: methodology and software.

Muhammad Akbar: review and editing

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Correspondence to Hazrat Yousaf or Azka Amin.

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Appendix

Table 7 Descriptive statistics of dependent and independent variables

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Yousaf, H., Amin, A., Baloch, A. et al. Investigating household sector’s non-renewables, biomass energy consumption and carbon emissions for Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 40824–40834 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12990-y

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Received: 23 November 2020
Accepted: 11 February 2021
Published: 26 March 2021
Issue Date: August 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12990-y

Keywords

Non-renewables energy
Biomass energy
Carbon emissions
STIRPAT
Pakistan

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