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Phytoparasitic nematodes of organic vegetables in the Argan Biosphere of Souss-Massa (Southern Morocco)

  • Emerging Harmony and Biodynamic Interactions
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Abstract

Agroecological productivity of the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve of Morocco is limited by the wide spread and dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes (PPN). Ecological studies of nematode communities are required to develop effective biological management of these bioagressors as conventional control methods of PPN are inadequate and have persistent harmful effects. Fifty-nine organic vegetable soils in Souss-Massa were nematologically sampled, and assessment of taxonomic proliferation was made in relation to host species, geographical origin, and climatic and microclimatic factors. Twenty-four nematode genera were identified as obligate and facultative plant feeders. Taxonomic diversity increased from Chtouka to Taroudant and Tiznit provinces. Soil texture, organic matter, pH, nitrogen, zinc, magnesium, copper, altitude, and humidity and temperature were seen to effect driving roles in the abundance, distribution, and community structures of nematodes. The most prevalent taxa posing a high risk to organic agriculture of Souss Massa were needle nematodes (Longidorus spp.) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Edaphic and climatic variables effected nematode populations greatly. A combination of biological treatments and appropriate agroecological practices restricting important economic PPN growth and enhancing soil quality are required to achieve sustainable management in the area.

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Acknowledgements

The soil samples used in this research were collected with support of organic vegetable producers in Souss-Massa region. We express our gratitude to Mr. Mohamed Doulhousen, operator in the Soil-Plant-Water Laboratory of the Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, for assistance during soil physicochemical analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco

    Ilyass Filali Alaoui, Mohamed Ait Hamza, Hinde Benjlil, Amine Idhmida, Amina Braimi, Elmahdi Mzough, Ayoub Hallouti, Khadija Basaid, James Nicholas Furze, Abdelhamid El Mousadik & El Hassan Mayad

  2. Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Campus d’Agadir, Département de Protection des Plantes, BP 18/S, 80000, Agadir, Morocco

    Ilyass Filali Alaoui, Mohamed Ait Hamza, Hinde Benjlil, Zahra Ferji & El Hassan Mayad

  3. Université Ibn Zohr, Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées d’Agadir, Laboratoire LMPEE, BP 1136, 80000, Agadir, Morocco

    Khadija Basaid & El Hassan Mayad

  4. Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaah Avenue, P.O. Box: 19006, Baghdad, Postal Code: 10066, Iraq

    James Nicholas Furze

  5. Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), 1 Kensington Gore, London, SW7 2AR, UK

    James Nicholas Furze

  6. USDA-Agricultural Research Service Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA

    Inga A Zasada

  7. Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, USA

    Timothy Paulitz

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  1. Ilyass Filali Alaoui
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Contributions

EH Mayad and I Filali Alaoui conceived the study design. I Filali Alaoui, E. Mzough, A. Idhmida, A Braimi, H Benjlil, K Basaid, and EH Mayad contributed to soil sampling and nematodes extraction. I Filali Alaoui and EH Mayad carried out the nematological analysis. I Filali Alaoui, A. Hallouti, MA Hamza, JN Furze and EH Mayad performed data analysis and interpretation. Authors contributed equally in the writing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to El Hassan Mayad.

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Filali Alaoui, I., Ait Hamza, M., Benjlil, H. et al. Phytoparasitic nematodes of organic vegetables in the Argan Biosphere of Souss-Massa (Southern Morocco). Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 64166–64180 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12986-8

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