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Analysis on asymptotic stabilization of eco-compensation program for forest ecotourism stakeholders

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Abstract

Nowadays, many countries in the world have paid attention to the issue of improving the eco-compensation program for their forest ecotourism systems aiming to successfully drive forest ecosystem protection. However, an operable eco-compensation mechanism must give a fair and balanced consideration to each involved party’s pursuits which naturally encompass benefits and responsibilities. In this study, based on the evolutionary game theory, we developed a set of mathematical models to evaluate the attitudes and preferences toward the eco-compensation programs in which the three primary stakeholders are involved including farmers, local government, and business groups in order to investigate whether the stakeholders’ asymptotic stabilization strategy can be discovered. In addition, the simulation analysis shows the sensitivity characteristics and evolution process of stakeholders influenced by multiple influencing factors. The results show that the threshold effect of these factors turns out to be an important basis in formulating sustainable development schemes for the eco-compensation program in the forest ecotourism system. Furthermore, the simulation analysis also shows that the initial state of stakeholders affects the rate of convergence to the asymptotic stability. Accordingly, we put forward the three-stage strategy and address policy implications on the operable eco-compensation program development of the forest ecotourism system.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Notes

  1. Eco-compensation is an institutional arrangement of various rules, incentives, and coordination, as well as balancing the interest among various stakeholders in order for ensuring sustainable use of ecological system.

  2. International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as, “responsible travel to natural areas (forests, grasslands, lakes, geological heritage, wetlands, etc.) which conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.” However, the forest ecotourism, as of a subset ecotourism, mainly depends on forest resources for recreation activities.

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Funding

This study received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71640035), and Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of Liaoning Province (JW202002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China

    Yan Bu & Erda Wang

  2. School of Economics and Management, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China

    Yang Yu

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  1. Yan Bu
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  2. Erda Wang
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Contributions

Yan Bu: conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, writing-original draft preparation, writing-reviewing and editing. Erda Wang: visualization, supervision, writing-reviewing and editing. Yang Yu: funding acquisition, validation.

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Correspondence to Yang Yu.

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Bu, Y., Wang, E. & Yu, Y. Analysis on asymptotic stabilization of eco-compensation program for forest ecotourism stakeholders. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 29304–29320 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12703-5

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