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Multi-matrix approach reveals the distribution of pesticides in a multipurpose protected area from the Atlantic Rainforest: potential risk for aquatic biota and human health?

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Abstract

The Atlantic Rainforest is among the main biodiversity hotspots in the world, the Yabotí Biosphere Reserve (YBR) being one of the most important remaining areas. Agriculture practices could lead to intensive usage of pesticides resulting in a risk to the environment and human health. Water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediment, and fish (Andromakhe paris and Andromakhe saguazu) samples were collected from four streams with different degrees of protection of the YBR in two periods in order to assess the distribution of 18 organochlorine pesticides. Legacy and current-use pesticides were found in the different environmental matrices of the stream headwaters in non-anthropized areas within the buffer zone that drains the intangible area. A similar occurrence pattern of pesticides was found in all matrices. Levels of DDTs (<3.63 ng/L) and endosulfans (<21.8 ng/L) in surface water were above international guidelines for the protection of aquatic life in several streams for both sampling periods. HCHs, DDTs, endosulfans, and chlorpyrifos were detected in SPM and sediments from three streams, while γ-HCH (<60.3 ng/g lipid weight), chlorpyrifos (<698 ng/g lw), p,p´-DDD (<367 ng/g lw), and α-endosulfans (<209 ng/g lw) were detected in fish muscle in several streams. Chlorpyrifos and endosulfans were associated with current use, while DDx/DDT ratios suggested an old use. The concentration of pesticides found would not represent a risk to human health; however, it highlights the need to establish better regulation and action guidelines to reduce the anthropogenic effect on natural reserves.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. Additional datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

ARF:

Atlantic Rainforest

YBR:

Yabotí Biosphere Reserve

SPM:

Suspended particulate matter

OCPs:

Organochlorine pesticides

TOM:

Total organic matter

TOC:

Total organic carbon

GC-ECD:

Gas chromatograph-electron capture detector

GPC:

Gel permeation chromatography

HCH:

Hexachlorocyclohexanes

DDT:

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes

MWU:

Mann-Whitney U

Wt:

Wilcoxon test

KW:

Kruskal-Wallis

NGPBA:

National Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Biota

USEPA:

United States Environmental Protection Agency

CEQG:

Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines

CCME:

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment

CAC:

Codex Alimentarius Commission

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Acknowledgements

This research was possible thanks to the support provided by Fundación Bosques Nativos Argentinos para la Biodiversidad and Centro de Investigaciones Antonia Ramos (CIAR). The authors wish to thank the Ministerio de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Provincia de Misiones for their logistical support. We are also grateful to F Castia, E Benitez, L Rojas, R Villalba, H Lory, G Ibarra, E Taron, F Ramirez, and V Soley for their invaluable collaboration in the field. We are grateful to A Fabrizio, S Arreghini, C Weigandt, and G Arnedilo for their collaboration in determining the TOC and TOM from the sediment samples. The authors also thank the Universidad de Buenos Aires for the Eugenia Rolón doctoral scholarship. We thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped us to improve the manuscript.

Funding

This study was supported by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2015-1823 and 2015-2160) and Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT 20020150100052BA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Eugenia Rolón, Alejandra V. Volpedo & Esteban Avigliano

  2. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, (1427), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Eugenia Rolón, Alejandra V. Volpedo & Esteban Avigliano

  3. Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Dean Funes 3350, (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina

    Paola M. Ondarza & Karina S. B. Miglioranza

  4. Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Dean Funes 3350, (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina

    Juan José Rosso & Ezequiel Mabragaña

  5. Centro de Investigaciones Antonia Ramos (CIAR), Fundación Bosques Nativos Argentinos para la Biodiversidad, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Esteban Avigliano

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  1. Eugenia Rolón
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Conceptualization: EA funding acquisition and supervision; AVV and EA name. Sample collection was performed by JJ, EM, and EA. Material preparation was performed by ER. Chemical analyses were performed by ER, PMO, and KM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ER and EA. All authors read, commented, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Esteban Avigliano.

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Rolón, E., Ondarza, P.M., Miglioranza, K.S.B. et al. Multi-matrix approach reveals the distribution of pesticides in a multipurpose protected area from the Atlantic Rainforest: potential risk for aquatic biota and human health?. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 34386–34399 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12699-y

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