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Effect of Acetamiprid on spatial memory and hippocampal glutamatergic system

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11 April 2024 Editor's Note: Readers are alerted that the concerns have been raised with this article. Editorial action will be taken as appropriate once this matter is resolved and all parties have been given an opportunity to respond in full.

Abstract

Acetamiprid (ACE) is one of the widely used neonicotinoid insecticides. In mammals, in spite of the low-affinity nAChRs, neurotoxic effects following the Acetamiprid exposure have recently been reported, which suggests some concerns regarding the impacts on the nervous system of mammals. This study aims to investigate the effect of Acetamiprid on spatial memory and possible vulnerability of hippocampal glutamatergic system following the Acetamiprid exposure. 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses of Acetamiprid were administered to male rats by gavage once per day for 28 days. The spatial memory was examined with the Morris water maze apparatus. The amount of Acetamiprid in the serum and hippocampus was measured. In addition, glutamate level and changes in the expression of NR1, NR2, and NR2B genes were measured in the hippocampus; also, the hippocampus tissue was histologically evaluated. A significant increase in training parameters which consist of escape latency and traveled distance was observed on the first and second day of training in Acetamiprid-treated groups (20 and 40 mg/kg) compared to the control group (p < 0.001). In the probe test, rats in all Acetamiprid-treated groups significantly spent less time in the target quadrant compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Acetamiprid concentration dose dependently increased in the serum and in the hippocampus followed by Acetamiprid exposure. In all Acetamiprid-treated groups, a significant reduction of glutamate level in the hippocampus was observed (p < 0.05). The reduction of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B gene expression in the hippocampus was observed at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The histological evaluation showed neural degeneration in the dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus at a dose of 40 mg/kg in the Acetamiprid-treated group. The results of the present study indicate that Acetamiprid impairs memory consolidation through the reduction of glutamate and the expression of NMDA receptor subunits in the hippocampus at low doses, along with the loss of neural cells in dentate gyrus at high dose.

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  • 11 April 2024

    Editor's Note: Readers are alerted that the concerns have been raised with this article. Editorial action will be taken as appropriate once this matter is resolved and all parties have been given an opportunity to respond in full.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Shamsi & Maliheh Soodi

  2. Department of Genetic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Shirin Shahbazi

  3. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Ameneh Omidi

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  1. Mohsen Shamsi
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  2. Maliheh Soodi
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  3. Shirin Shahbazi
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  4. Ameneh Omidi
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Contributions

MS designed the study and interpreted the results and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. MSh carried out the experiments and collect the data. SS was involved in the gene expression experiments. AO was involved in histological evaluation of the brain sections. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Maliheh Soodi.

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The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.

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All experimental procedures such as working with animals and tissue collection were approved by the ethical committee of the Tarbiat Modares University (ethical code: IR.MODARES.REC.1397.115).

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Responsible Editor: Ludek Blaha

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Shamsi, M., Soodi, M., Shahbazi, S. et al. Effect of Acetamiprid on spatial memory and hippocampal glutamatergic system. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 27933–27941 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12314-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12314-6

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