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Exposure to a contaminated tropical freshwater (Awba Dam) in Ibadan, Nigeria, induced cytogenotoxicity and haemato-pathological changes in Clarias gariepinus

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Abstract

Awba reservoir serves the purpose of water supply in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Recent reports on pollution status have focused on toxicological implication of contaminants in this reservoir. But none is on genetic and systemic toxicity of the water in fish. We investigated cytogenotoxicity of Awba Dam water (ADW) on Clarias gariepinus using piscine micronucleus (MN) assay. Haematological and histopathological changes were also evaluated. Bi-monthly composite water samples were collected from the reservoir from July to October, 2018. The water was used to cultivate juvenile C. gariepinus in the laboratory for 1–4 months, and tap water was used as the negative control. Peripheral blood erythrocytes from the caudal veins of C. gariepinus were used for the monthly MN assessment. There was significant (p < 0.05) induction of MN and other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities in C. gariepinus within the period of study. There were variations in the haematological indices and pathological alterations in sections of the gill, liver and kidney of C. gariepinus. The levels of some heavy metals in ADW were above standard permissible limits and might have contributed to the observed cytogenetic and systemic disruptions. These findings may be used by the concerned authorities to evolve management strategies for the reservoir’s health and biologic resources.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during the current study are available in the postgraduate research projects supervised by the corresponding author in the Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. These datasets were summarized/analyzed and used in the manuscript. They are however available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Head of Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, for providing support, materials and equipment for the research work. We are grateful to the Postgraduate College of University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, for the Department of Zoology postgraduate vote used to support the research work. We appreciate Dr. C. G. Alimba and Dr. Ifeoluwa T. Oyeyemi for their comments and suggestions while proofreading the draft of this manuscript. The authors also thank Dr. John Ogunsola for his assistance and advice on analysis of the histopathological slides.

Funding

There was no external funding for this project. The study was however supported by the Department of Zoology postgraduate vote in the University of Ibadan Postgraduate College.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Adekunle A. Bakare

  2. Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Adewale O. Fadare

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria

    Olusegun I. Ogunsuyi

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Omonike C. Bakare

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  1. Adekunle A. Bakare
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  2. Adewale O. Fadare
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  3. Olusegun I. Ogunsuyi
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  4. Omonike C. Bakare
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Contributions

AAB conceived, designed and supervised the study. AOF, OIO and OCB carried out all laboratory experiments and data analysis. OIO and OCB contributed to study design and interpretation of datasets from haematology and histopathology experiments. AOF and AAB wrote the manuscript with contributions from other authors. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Adekunle A. Bakare.

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Ethical approval

Experimental animals were cared for according to standard international (NRC 2011) and institutional (Animal Care and Use in Research Ethics Committee of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria) guidelines.

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Bakare, A.A., Fadare, A.O., Ogunsuyi, O.I. et al. Exposure to a contaminated tropical freshwater (Awba Dam) in Ibadan, Nigeria, induced cytogenotoxicity and haemato-pathological changes in Clarias gariepinus. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 19391–19399 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12145-5

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