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Airway hyperresponsiveness development and the toxicity of PM2.5

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Abstract

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is characterized by excessive bronchoconstriction in response to nonspecific stimuli, thereby leading to airway stenosis and increased airway resistance. AHR is recognized as a key characteristic of asthma and is associated with significant morbidity. At present, many studies on the molecular mechanisms of AHR have mainly focused on the imbalance in Th1/Th2 cell function and the abnormal contraction of airway smooth muscle cells. However, the specific mechanisms of AHR remain unclear and need to be systematically elaborated. In addition, the effect of air pollution on the respiratory system has become a worldwide concern. To date, numerous studies have indicated that certain concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can increase airway responsiveness and induce acute exacerbation of asthma. Of note, the concentration of PM2.5 does correlate with the degree of AHR. Numerous studies exploring the toxicity of PM2.5 have mainly focused on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy, and so on. However, there have been few reviews systematically elaborating the molecular mechanisms by which PM2.5 induces AHR. The present review separately sheds light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of AHR and PM2.5-induced AHR.

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This work was supported by the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University.

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  1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China

    Xi Lu & Xixin Yan

  2. Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China

    Rongqin Li

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Xi Lu participated in the literature search, review, translation of the manuscript, and writing of the original manuscript. Rongqin Li participated in the translation of the manuscript. Xixin Yan participated in the manuscript concept and supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Lu, X., Li, R. & Yan, X. Airway hyperresponsiveness development and the toxicity of PM2.5. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 6374–6391 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12051-w

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