Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Defluoridationof drinking water by metal impregnated multi-layer green graphene fabricated from trees pruning waste

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel adsorbent with excellent adsorptive properties for fluoride was prepared through a green and cheap synthesis route. Populus caspica pruning wastes, a cheap agri-waste material, were reduced to multi-layer green graphene (MLG) and then post-modified to aluminum/iron modified multi-layer green graphene (AMLG and IMLG). Batch experiments revealed the effect of pH (3–11), contact time (0.5–12 h), and initial fluoride concentration (5–40 mg/L). The conversion of raw material to MLG increased the specific surface area about 120 times (from 4 to 475 m2/g). Furthermore, a significant improvement in zero points of charge (pHzpc) was attained for IMLG (7.1) and AMLG (8) compared with pristine MLG (4.3). Fluoride showed superior affinity to AMLG and IMLG compared with MLG. Fluoride removal increased gradually by pH from 3 to 8 and then decreased sharply up to pH 11. The study of process dynamics demonstrated the monolayer fluoride adsorption onto AMLG and IMLG controlled by the chemisorptions. The highest predicted adsorption capacities based on the Langmuir model were 31.52, 47.01, and 53.76 mg/g for MLG, IMLG, and AMLG, respectively. Considering economic and technical feasibility presents AMLG and IMLG as a promising candidate against water contamination by elevated fluoride.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

AT:

Temkin constant (L/mg)

BT:

Constant related to the heat of adsorption (J/mol)

C e :

Equilibrium concentration in solution (mg/dm3)

C in :

Initial concentrations (mg/L)

C s :

Saturation concentration in solution (mmol/dm3)

C t :

Equilibrium concentration in solution at time t (mg/dm3)

E :

Removal efficiency (%)

k 1 :

Pseudo-first-order rate constant (1/min)

k 2 :

Pseudo-second-order rate constant (g/mg min)

K dif :

Intraparticle diffusion rate constant (mg/g min0.5)

K f :

Freundlich isotherm constants (dm3/g)

K L :

Langmuir isotherm constants (dm3/mg)

n F :

Freundlich adsorption intensity

q e :

Equilibrium adsorbent concentration on adsorbent (mg/g)

q m :

Maximum monolayer capacity (mg/g)

q t :

Adsorbed metal concentration at time t (mg/g)

R 2 :

Correlation coefficients

R L :

Langmuir equilibrium factor

V :

Volume of the solution (L)

W :

Weight of the adsorbent (g)

0K:

Kelvin temperature

ΔG0 :

Gibbs standard free energy (kJ/mol)

ΔH0 :

Standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)

ΔS0 :

Standard entropy (J/mol K)

References

  • Alves DC, Gonçalves JO, Coseglio BB, Burgo TA, Dotto GL, Pinto LA, Cadaval TR Jr (2019) Adsorption of phenol onto chitosan hydrogel scaffold modified with carbon nanotubes. J Environ Chem Eng 7(6):103460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aryal RL, Poudel BR, Gautam SK, Paudyal H, Ghimire KN (2019) Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using biomass-based adsorbents: a review. J Nepal Chem Soc 40:44–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barron AR (2015) Physical methods in chemistry and nanoscience.

  • Bhatnagar A, Kumar E, Sillanpää M (2011) Fluoride removal from water by adsorption—a review. Chem Eng J 171(3):811–840

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco-Andujar C, Ortega D, Pankhurst QA, Thanh NTK (2012) Elucidating the morphological and structural evolution of iron oxide nanoparticles formed by sodium carbonate in aqueous medium. J Mater Chem 22(25):12498–12506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonyadi Z, Noghani F, Dehghan A, Van Der Hoek JP, Giannakoudakis DA, Ghadiri SK, Anastopoulos I, Sarkhosh M, Colmenares JC, Shams M (2020) Biomass-derived porous aminated graphitic nanosheets for removal of the pharmaceutical metronidazole: optimization of physicochemical features and exploration of process mechanisms. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125791

  • Chai L, Wang Y, Zhao N, Yang W, You X (2013) Sulfate-doped Fe3O4/Al2O3 nanoparticles as a novel adsorbent for fluoride removal from drinking water. Water Res 47(12):4040–4049

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng J, Meng X, Jing C, Hao J (2014) La3+-modified activated alumina for fluoride removal from water. J Hazard Mater 278:343–349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crittenden JC, Trussell RR, Hand DW, Howe KJ, Tchobanoglous G (2012) MWH’s water treatment: principles and design. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118131473

  • Di ZC, Li YH, Peng XJ, Luan ZK, Liang J (2007) Adsorption of fluoride by aligned carbon nanotubes supported ceria nanoparticles. Solid State Phenom:1221–1224 Trans Tech Publ

  • Dong S, Wang Y (2016) Characterization and adsorption properties of a lanthanum-loaded magnetic cationic hydrogel composite for fluoride removal. Water Res 88:852–860

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dotto GL, Mckay G (2020) Current scenario and challenges in adsorption for water treatment. J Environ Chem Eng 103988

  • Dou X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang T, Wang Y (2011) Performance of granular zirconium–iron oxide in the removal of fluoride from drinking water. Water Res 45(12):3571–3578

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edition F (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality. WHO Chron 38(4):104–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Eskandarpour A, Onyango MS, Ochieng A, Asai S (2008) Removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solution at low pH using schwertmannite. J Hazard Mater 152(2):571–579

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faust SD, Aly OM (2013) Adsorption processes for water treatment. Elsevier

  • Fini A, Frangi P, Faoro M, Piatti R, Amoroso G, Ferrini F (2015) Effects of different pruning methods on an urban tree species: a four-year-experiment scaling down from the whole tree to the chloroplasts. Urban For Urban Green 14(3):664–674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fouladi Fard R, Sar M, Fahiminia M, Mirzaei N, Yousefi N, Mansoorian H, Khanjani N, Rezaei S, Ghadiri K (2018) Efficiency of multi walled carbon nanotubes for removing Direct Blue 71 from aqueous solutions. Eurasian J Anal Chem 13(3):1–10

  • Garg P, Gupta P, Kumar D, Parkash O (2016) Structural and mechanical properties of graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites. J Mater Environ Sci 7(5):1461–1473

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghadiri S, Nabizadeh R, Mahvi A, Nasseri S, Kazemian H, Mesdaghinia A, Nazmara S (2010) Methyl tert-butyl ether adsorption on surfactant modified natural zeolites. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 7(3):241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghadiri SK, Nasseri S, Nabizadeh R, Khoobi M, Nazmara S, Mahvi AH (2017) Adsorption of nitrate onto anionic bio-graphene nanosheet from aqueous solutions: isotherm and kinetic study. J Mol Liq 242:1111–1117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghadiri SK, Alidadi H, Tavakkoli Nezhad N, Javid A, Roudbari A, Talebi SS, Mohammadi AA, Shams M, Rezania S (2020) Valorization of biomass into amine-functionalized bio graphene for efficient ciprofloxacin adsorption in water-modeling and optimization study. PLoS One 15(4):e0231045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanbarian M, Ghanbarian M, Mahvi AH, Tabatabaie T (2020) Enhanced fluoride removal over MgFe2O4–chitosan–CaAl nanohybrid: response surface optimization, kinetic and isotherm study. Int J Biol Macromol 148:574–590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gholami Z, Ghadiri SK, Avazpour M, Fard MA, Yousefi N, Talebi SS, Khazaei M, Saghi MH, Mahvi AH (2018) Removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using modified activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste (Populous caspica): optimization, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies. Desalin Water Treat 133:177–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haghighat GA, Saghi MH, Anastopoulos I, Javid A, Roudbari A, Talebi SS, Ghadiri SK, Giannakoudakis DA, Shams M (2020) Aminated graphitic carbon derived from corn stover biomass as adsorbent against antibiotic tetracycline: optimizing the physicochemical parameters. J Mol Liq 313:113523

  • Hyun Park J, Kim J-H (2015) Reduction of graphene oxide by resveratrol: a novel and simple biological method for the synthesis of an effective anticancer nanotherapeutic molecule. Int J Nanomedicine 10:2951–2969

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahangiri K, Yousefi N, Ghadiri SK, Fekri R, Bagheri A, Talebi SS (2019) Enhancement adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto modified fly ash from aqueous solution; optimization; isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic study. J Dispers Sci Technol 40(8):1147–1158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanrar S, Debnath S, De P, Parashar K, Pillay K, Sasikumar P, Ghosh UC (2016) Preparation, characterization and evaluation of fluoride adsorption efficiency from water of iron-aluminum oxide-graphene oxide composite material. Chem Eng J 306:269–279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karthikeyan G, Ilango SS (2007) Fluoride sorption using Morringa indica-based activated carbon. J Environ Health Sci Eng 4(1):21–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keramati H, Miri A, Baghaei M, Rahimizadeh A, Ghorbani R, Fakhri Y, Bay A, Moradi M, Bahmani Z, Ghaderpoori M (2019) Fluoride in Iranian drinking water resources: a systematic review, meta-analysis and non-carcinogenic risk assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 188(2):261–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuang L, Liu Y, Fu D, Zhao Y (2017) FeOOH-graphene oxide nanocomposites for fluoride removal from water: acetate mediated nano FeOOH growth and adsorption mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 490:259–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar E, Bhatnagar A, Ji M, Jung W, Lee S-H, Kim S-J, Lee G, Song H, Choi J-Y, Yang J-S (2009) Defluoridation from aqueous solutions by granular ferric hydroxide (GFH). Water Res 43(2):490–498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar RS, Hariprasanth R, Siddharth MP, Jansirani D, Praba SL (2016) Removal of flouride from wastewater using Aegle marmelos fruit shell as adsorbent. J Chem Pharm Res 8(8):905–908

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Balouch A, Abdullah (2019) Remediation of toxic fluoride from aqueous media by various techniques. Int J Environ Anal Chem:1–24

  • Kumari U, Siddiqi H, Bal M, Meikap B (2020) Calcium and zirconium modified acid activated alumina for adsorptive removal of fluoride: performance evaluation, kinetics, isotherm, characterization and industrial wastewater treatment. Adv Powder Technol 31:2045–2060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y-H, Wang S, Zhang X, Wei J, Xu C, Luan Z, Wu D (2003) Adsorption of fluoride from water by aligned carbon nanotubes. Mater Res Bull 38(3):469–476

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Liu C, Luan Z, Peng X, Zhu C, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Fan J, Jia Z (2006) Phosphate removal from aqueous solutions using raw and activated red mud and fly ash. J Hazard Mater 137(1):374–383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Zhang P, Du Q, Peng X, Liu T, Wang Z, Xia Y, Zhang W, Wang K, Zhu H (2011) Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution by graphene. J Colloid Interface Sci 363(1):348–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Du Q, Wang J, Liu T, Sun J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Xia Y, Xia L (2013) Defluoridation from aqueous solution by manganese oxide coated graphene oxide. J Fluor Chem 148:67–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Zhu Q, Man K, Xing Z (2017) Fluoride removal from liquid phase by Fe-Al-La trimetal hydroxides adsorbent prepared by iron and aluminum leaching from red mud. J Mol Liq 237:164–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Q, Guo H, Shan Y (2010) Adsorption of fluoride on synthetic siderite from aqueous solution. J Fluor Chem 131(5):635–641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Q, Zhang L, Yang B, Huang R (2015) Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using Zr (IV) immobilized cross-linked chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 77:15–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lütke SF, Igansi AV, Pegoraro L, Dotto GL, Pinto LA, Cadaval TR Jr (2019) Preparation of activated carbon from black wattle bark waste and its application for phenol adsorption. J Environ Chem Eng 7(5):103396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma W, Ya F-Q, Han M, Wang R (2007) Characteristics of equilibrium, kinetics studies for adsorption of fluoride on magnetic-chitosan particle. J Hazard Mater 143(1-2):296–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma W, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhao W (2017) Performance and mechanism of Mg-Ca-Fe hydrotalcite-like compounds for fluoride removal from aqueous solution. J Fluor Chem 200:153–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manna S, Roy D, Adhikari B, Thomas S, Das P (2018) Biomass for water defluoridation and current understanding on biosorption mechanisms: a review. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 37(5):1560–1572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Methodis P, Selvapathy P (2005) Studies on removal of fluoride from water by used tea leaves carbon. 3rd international conference on plants and environmental pollution, Lucknow, India.

  • Mohan R, Dutta RK (2020) Continuous fixed-bed column assessment for defluoridation of water using HAp-coated-limestone. J Environ Chem Eng:103840

  • Mohan D, Sharma R, Singh VK, Steele PP Jr, C. U. (2012) Fluoride removal from water using bio-char, a green waste, low-cost adsorbent: equilibrium uptake and sorption dynamics modeling. Ind Eng Chem Res 51(2):900–914

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohapatra M, Rout K, Gupta S, Singh P, Anand S, Mishra B (2010) Facile synthesis of additive-assisted nano goethite powder and its application for fluoride remediation. J Nanopart Res 12(2):681–686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ndé-Tchoupé AI, Nanseu-Njiki CP, Hu R, Nassi A, Noubactep C, Licha T (2019) Characterizing the reactivity of metallic iron for water defluoridation in batch studies. Chemosphere 219:855–863

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson EA, Halling CL, Buikstra JE (2019) Evidence of skeletal fluorosis at the Ray Site, Illinois, USA: a pathological assessment and discussion of environmental factors. Int J Paleopathol 26:48–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nigri EM, Santos AL, Bhatnagar A, Rocha SD (2019) Chemical regeneration of bone char associated with a continuous system for defluoridation of water. Braz J Chem Eng 36(4):1631–1643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandi K, Viswanathan N, Meenakshi S (2019) Hydrothermal synthesis of magnetic iron oxide encrusted hydrocalumite-chitosan composite for defluoridation studies. Int J Biol Macromol 132:600–605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pigatto RS, Franco DS, Netto MS, Carissimi É, Oliveira LF, Jahn SL, Dotto GL (2020) An eco-friendly and low-cost strategy for groundwater defluorination: adsorption of fluoride onto calcinated sludge. J Environ Chem Eng 8(6):104546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmani A, Nouri J, Kamal GS, Mahvi A, Zare M (2010) Adsorption of fluoride from water by Al3+ and Fe3+ pretreated natural Iranian zeolites.

  • Ravulapalli S, Ravindhranath K (2019) Novel adsorbents possessing cumulative sorption nature evoked from Al2O3 nanoflakes, C. urens seeds active carbon and calcium alginate beads for defluoridation studies. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 101:50–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghi S, Zakeri HR, Saghi MH, Ghadiri SK, Talebi SS, Shams M, Dotto GL (2020) Modified wheat straw–derived graphene for the removal of Eriochrome Black T: characterization, isotherm, and kinetic studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res (in press)

  • Selimoglu S, Simsek EB, Beker U (2018) Water defluoridation by alumina modified Turkey clinoptilolite: equilibrium, kinetic models and experimental design approaches. Water Sci Technol Water Supply 18(1):14–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma B, Singh P, Dobhal R, Saini V, Sundriyal M, Sharma S, Khanna S (2017) Occurrence, detection and defluoridation of fresh waters. Am J Water Resour 5(1):5–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva J, Farias B, Gründmann D, Cadaval T Jr, Moura J, Dotto G, Pinto L (2017) Development of chitosan/Spirulina bio-blend films and its biosorption potential for dyes. J Appl Polym Sci 134(11)

  • Sinha S, Pandey K, Mohan D, Singh KP (2003) Removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions by Eichhornia crassipes biomass and its carbonized form. Ind Eng Chem Res 42(26):6911–6918

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivasankar V, Rajkumar S, Murugesh S, Darchen A (2012) Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruit shell carbon: a calcium-rich promising adsorbent for fluoride removal from groundwater. J Hazard Mater 225:164–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smiley ET, Kane B (2006) The effects of pruning type on wind loading of Acer rubrum. J Arboric 32(1):33

    Google Scholar 

  • Sohrabi Y, Rahimi S, Nafez AH, Mirzaei N, Bagheri A, Ghadiri SK, Rezaei S, Charganeh SS (2018a) Chemical coagulation efficiency in removal of water turbidity. Int J Pharm Res 10(3):188–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Sohrabi Y, Shokoohizadeh MJ, Tabar FR, Mirzaei N, Bagheri A, Ghadiri SK, Rezaei S, Charganeh SS (2018b) Surveying the utilization of aluminum chloride in water treatment. Int J Pharm Res 10(3):72–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Sujana M, Anand S (2011) Fluoride removal studies from contaminated ground water by using bauxite. Desalination 267(2-3):222–227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Fang Q, Dong J, Cheng X, Xu J (2011) Removal of fluoride from drinking water by natural stilbite zeolite modified with Fe (III). Desalination 277(1-3):121–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tchomgui-Kamga E, Alonzo V, Nanseu-Njiki CP, Audebrand N, Ngameni E, Darchen A (2010) Preparation and characterization of charcoals that contain dispersed aluminum oxide as adsorbents for removal of fluoride from drinking water. Carbon 48(2):333–343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathy SS, Bersillon J-L, Gopal K (2006) Removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption onto alum-impregnated activated alumina. Sep Purif Technol 50(3):310–317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velazquez-Peña GC, Olguín-Gutiérrez MT, Solache-Ríos MJ, Fall C (2017) Significance of FeZr-modified natural zeolite networks on fluoride removal. J Fluor Chem 202:41–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Gao Y, Cheng X, Yang J, Zhao Y, Xu H, Zhu Y, Yan Z, Manthari RK, Ommati MM (2019) GSTO1 acts as a mediator in sodium fluoride-induced alterations of learning and memory related factors expressions in the hippocampus cell line. Chemosphere 226:201–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong FR, Ali AA, Yasui K, Hashim AM (2015) Seed/catalyst-free growth of gallium-based compound materials on graphene on insulator by electrochemical deposition at room temperature. Nanoscale Res Lett 10(1):233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X, Li Q, Cui H, Pang J, Sun L, An H, Zhai J (2011) Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution on magnesia-loaded fly ash cenospheres. Desalination 272(1-3):233–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav AK, Abbassi R, Gupta A, Dadashzadeh M (2013) Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution and groundwater by wheat straw, sawdust and activated bagasse carbon of sugarcane. Ecol Eng 52:211–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav KK, Gupta N, Kumar V, Khan SA, Kumar A (2018) A review of emerging adsorbents and current demand for defluoridation of water: bright future in water sustainability. Environ Int 111:80–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang C, Gao L, Wang Y, Tian X, Komarneni S (2014) Fluoride removal by ordered and disordered mesoporous aluminas. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 197:156–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yousefi N, Fatehizedeh A, Ghadiri K, Mirzaei N, Ashrafi SD, Mahvi AH (2016) Application of nanofilter in removal of phosphate, fluoride and nitrite from groundwater. Desalin Water Treat 57(25):11782–11788

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu Y, Wang C, Guo X, Chen JP (2015) Modification of carbon derived from Sargassum sp. by lanthanum for enhanced adsorption of fluoride. J Colloid Interface Sci 441:113–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan L, Fei W, Jia F, Jun-Ping L, Qi L, Fang-Ru N, Xu-Dong L, Shu-Lian X (2020) Health risk in children to fluoride exposure in a typical endemic fluorosis area on Loess Plateau, north China, in the last decade. Chemosphere 243:125451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahrood University of Medical Sciences, for their technical collaborations.

Funding

This research has been financially supported by a grant (Project No: 96131) from the environmental and occupational health research center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran, and registered in Ethics Committee under ID no: IR.SHMU.REC.1396.130.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran

    Seyedeh Solmaz Talebi

  2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran

    Allaah Bakhsh Javid, Ali Akbar Roudbari & Seid Kamal Ghadiri

  3. The environmental and occupational health research center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran

    Allaah Bakhsh Javid, Ali Akbar Roudbari & Seid Kamal Ghadiri

  4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nader Yousefi

  5. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91735-951, Mashhad, Iran

    Mahmoud Shams

  6. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil

    Amin Mousavi Khaneghah

Authors
  1. Seyedeh Solmaz Talebi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Allaah Bakhsh Javid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ali Akbar Roudbari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nader Yousefi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Seid Kamal Ghadiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mahmoud Shams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Seyedeh Solmaz Talebi: investigation, data curation, resources, supervision, project administration, conceptualization, methodology writing, original draft. Allaah Bakhsh Javid: literature searching, writing, and editing. Ali Akbar Roudbari: conducting risk assessment, writing, and editing. Nader Yousefi and Seid Kamal Ghadiri: software, supervision. Mahmoud Shams and Amin Mousavi Khaneghah: Supervision, review, and editing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Seid Kamal Ghadiri, Mahmoud Shams or Amin Mousavi Khaneghah.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

The authors declare their consent to participate for this article.

Consent to publish

The authors declare their consent to publish for this article.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Talebi, S.S., Javid, A.B., Roudbari, A.A. et al. Defluoridationof drinking water by metal impregnated multi-layer green graphene fabricated from trees pruning waste. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 18201–18215 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11743-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11743-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation