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Development of the Diatom Ecological Quality Index (DEQI) for peri-urban mountain streams in the Basin of Mexico

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Abstract

In the Basin of Mexico, one of the most important economic regions in the country with over 22 million inhabitants, peri-urban streams have been transformed into sewers, drains, and pipes to avoid flooding or unsanitary conditions; the change affects not only the ecosystem’s goods and services but also the aquatic communities that support the natural ecological processes. We aimed to develop a diatom-based diagnosis of the ecological quality of these aquatic ecosystems through the study of epilithic diatom response to regional environmental gradients. Samples of epilithic diatoms and water were collected in 45 sites representing 12 perennial streams, and multivariate analyses were performed on environmental and biological data. The ecological quality gradient to which diatoms responded was related to oxygen saturation, soluble reactive phosphorous, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and hydromorphological quality. Three species groups were recognized according to their ecological preferences along CCA1 axis, indicators of high and low ecological quality, and tolerant species. By assigning an indicator value to each species group, we calculated the DEQI using the formula adapted from Pantle and Buck, indicating five different ecological quality classes. This index is proposed for complementing the ecological quality evaluation as a biological metric that responds to multiple regional stressors of the structure and function of these peri-urban streams in the Basin of Mexico.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM, and to CONACYT for the scholarship granted to the first author (747202). JCJ received financial support through the Research Grant PAPIIT-UNAM (IN220115 and IN307219) and PAPIME-UNAM (PE201118). We also thank MSc Arantza Ivonne Daw Guerrero for her help in preparing the map.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México

    Victor Hugo Salinas-Camarillo

  2. Laboratorio de Ecosistemas de Ribera, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias (UNAM), Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México

    Victor Hugo Salinas-Camarillo & Javier Carmona-Jiménez

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação (Mestrado e Doutorado) em Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade de Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil

    Eduardo A. Lobo

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  1. Victor Hugo Salinas-Camarillo
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Victor Hugo Salinas Camarillo and Javier Carmona-Jiménez. Eduardo Lobo drafted the work and revised it critically for important intellectual content. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Victor Hugo Salinas, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Javier Carmona-Jiménez.

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Salinas-Camarillo, V.H., Carmona-Jiménez, J. & Lobo, E.A. Development of the Diatom Ecological Quality Index (DEQI) for peri-urban mountain streams in the Basin of Mexico. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 14555–14575 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11604-3

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