Abstract
This study examines the impact of foreign direct investments on ecological footprint along with other explanatory variables of 92 countries from the year 2001 to 2016. Here, we applied the panel quantile regression model to meet the purpose of our study as it considers unobserved country heterogeneity, unlike other statistical methods. The study reveals that foreign direct investment has a positive relationship with the ecological footprint in each quantile except one, which proves the constancy of the pollution haven hypothesis. Moreover, we also tried to detect the impact of economic growth, manufacturing value-added, the percentage of world exports, and institutional quality on the ecological footprint in this study. The findings of this study also reveal that economic growth and manufacturing value-added are negatively associated with the ecological footprint. With respect to the percentage of world exports and institutional quality, we found a positive relationship with the ecological footprint. From the result of our study, different policy implications have been proposed for host countries and foreign investors on improving the economy through foreign direct investment with minimal ecological footprint.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.Data availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Global Footprint Network, theglobaleconomy.com, and info.worldbank.org.
Change history
22 October 2024
This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35377-1
References
Abdo, A.-B., Li, B., Zhang, X., Lu, J., & Rasheed, A. (2020). Influence of FDI on environmental pollution in selected Arab countries: a spatial econometric analysis perspective. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(22), 28222–28246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08810-4
Acar S, Aşıcı AA (2017) Nature and economic growth in Turkey: what does ecological footprint imply? Middle East Dev J 9(1):101–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2017.1288475
Ahmad N, Du L, Tian XL, Wang J (2019) Chinese growth and dilemmas: modelling energy consumption, CO2 emissions and growth in China. Qual Quant 53(1):315–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-018-0755-0
Ahmed Z, Wang Z, Mahmood F, Hafeez M, Ali N (2019) Does globalization increase the ecological footprint? Empirical evidence from Malaysia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(18):18565–18582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05224-9
Ahmed Z, Asghar MM, Malik MN, Nawaz K (2020a) Moving towards a sustainable environment: the dynamic linkage between natural resources, human capital, urbanization, economic growth, and ecological footprint in China. Res Policy 67(November 2019):101677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101677
Ahmed Z, Zafar MW, Ali S, Danish (2020b) Linking urbanization, human capital, and the ecological footprint in G7 countries: an empirical analysis. Sustain Cities Soc 55:102064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102064
Ali S, Yusop Z, Kaliappan SR, Chin L (2020) Dynamic common correlated effects of trade openness, FDI, and institutional performance on environmental quality: evidence from OIC countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(11):11671–11682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07768-7
Al-Mulali U, Weng-Wai C, Sheau-Ting L, Mohammed AH (2015) Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by utilizing the ecological footprint as an indicator of environmental degradation. Ecol Indic 48:315–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.029
Anh T (2017) Trade patterns and the ecological footprint a theory-based empirical approach. Econstar. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/162490
Arshad Z, Robaina M, Shahbaz M, Veloso AB (2020) The effects of deforestation and urbanization on sustainable growth in Asian countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2016:10065–10086. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07507-7
Aung TS, Saboori B, Rasoulinezhad E (2017) Economic growth and environmental pollution in Myanmar: an analysis of environmental Kuznets curve. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(25):20487–20501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9567-3
Axelsson L, Franzén M, Ostwald M, Berndes G, Lakshmi G, Ravindranath NH (2012) Perspective: Jatropha cultivation in southern India: assessing farmers’ experiences. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 6(3):246–256. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb
Bagliani M, Martini F (2012) A joint implementation of ecological footprint methodology and cost accounting techniques for measuring environmental pressures at the company level. Ecol Indic 16:148–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.09.001
Baloch MA, Zhang J, Iqbal K, Iqbal Z (2019) The effect of financial development on ecological footprint in BRI countries: evidence from panel data estimation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(6):6199–6208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3992-9
Balsalobre-Lorente D, Gokmenoglu KK, Taspinar N, Cantos-Cantos JM (2019) An approach to the pollution haven and pollution halo hypotheses in MINT countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(22):23010–23026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05446-x
Barrett J, Birch R, Cherrett N, Wiedmann T (2005) Exploring the application of the ecological footprint to sustainable consumption policy. J Environ Policy Plan 7(4):303–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/15239080500441095
Baz K, Xu D, Ali H, Ali I, Khan I, Khan MM, Cheng J (2020) Asymmetric impact of energy consumption and economic growth on ecological footprint: using asymmetric and nonlinear approach. Sci Total Environ 718:137364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137364
Bildirici M, Gokmenoglu SM (2020) The impact of terrorism and FDI on environmental pollution: evidence from Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Syria, Somalia, Thailand and Yemen. Environ Impact Assess Rev 81(November 2019):106340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2019.106340
Bilgili F, Ulucak R, Koçak E, İlkay SÇ (2020) Does globalization matter for environmental sustainability? Empirical investigation for Turkey by Markov regime switching models. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(1):1087–1100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06996-w
Canay IA (2011) A simple approach to quantile regression for panel data. Econ J 14(3):368–386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1368-423X.2011.00349.x
Charfeddine L, Mrabet Z (2017) The impact of economic development and social-political factors on ecological footprint: a panel data analysis for 15 MENA countries. Renew Sust Energ Rev 76(August 2015):138–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.031
Chen S-T, Chang H-T (2016) Factors that affect the ecological footprint depending on the different income levels. AIMS Energy 4(4):557–573. https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2016.4.557
Collins A, Fairchild R (2007) Sustainable food consumption at a sub-national level: an ecological footprint, nutritional and economic analysis. J Environ Policy Plan 9(1):5–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15239080701254875
Cumming GS, Von Cramon-Taubadel S (2018) Linking economic growth pathways and environmental sustainability by understanding development as alternate social-ecological regimes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115(38):9533–9538. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807026115
Dai F, Nan L, Liu G (2010) Assessment of regional ecological security based on ecological footprint and influential factors analysis: a case study of Chongqing Municipality, China. Int J Sust Dev World 17(5):390–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2010.500074
Danish, Wang Z (2018) Dynamic relationship between tourism, economic growth, and environmental quality. J Sustain Tour 26(11):1928–1943. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1526293
Danish, Hassan ST, Baloch MA, Mahmood N, Zhang JW (2019) Linking economic growth and ecological footprint through human capital and biocapacity. Sustain Cities Soc 47:101516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101516
Deng Y, Xu H (2015) International direct investment and transboundary pollution: An empirical analysis of complex networks. Sustainability 7(4):3933–3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7043933
Destek MA, Okumus I (2019) Does pollution haven hypothesis hold in newly industrialized countries? Evidence from ecological footprint. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(23):23689–23695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05614-z
Destek MA, Sarkodie SA (2019) Investigation of environmental Kuznets curve for ecological footprint: the role of energy and financial development. Sci Total Environ 650:2483–2489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.017
Dietzenbacher E, Mukhopadhyay K (2007) An empirical examination of the pollution haven hypothesis for India: towards a green Leontief paradox? Environ Resour Econ 36(4):427–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-006-9036-9
Dogan E, Taspinar N, Gokmenoglu KK (2019) Determinants of ecological footprint in MINT countries. Energy Environ 30(6):1065–1086. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X19834279
Dogan B, Madaleno M, Tiwari AK, Hammoudeh S (2020) Impacts of export quality on environmental degradation: does income matter? Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:13735–13772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07371-5
Doytch N (2016) The impact of foreign direct investment on the ecological footprint of nations. CUNY- Brooklyn College CUNY-, Ateneo de. http://fgks.in/images/pdf/conf/2017/2_Nadia.pdf
Fakher HA (2019) Investigating the determinant factors of environmental quality (based on ecological carbon footprint index). Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(10):10276–10291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04452-3
FakhrEldin H, Elsawy Y (2018) Examining the relationship between environmental regulations and foreign direct investment level: Evidence from China. Int J Bus Global 20(4):519–536. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2018.093593
Aremo AG, Ojeyinka TA (2018) Foreign direct investment, energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in Nigeria (1970-2014): An aggregate empirical analysis. Int J Green Econ 12(3–4):209–227. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGE.2018.097868
Galvao AF (2011) Quantile regression for dynamic panel data with fixed effects. J Econ 164(1):142–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2011.02.016
Gbatu AP, Wang Z, Wesseh PK, Sesay VA (2019) What precipitates growth in CO 2 emissions?: new evidence from a panel of economic community of West African states (ECOWAS). Int J Energy Sect Manag 13(2):277–297. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-09-2017-0001
Goldenman, G (1999), The Environmental Implications of Foreign Direct Investment: Policy and Institutional Issues, Paper presented at an OECD Conference on Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment, 28-29th January, 1999; The Hague, Netherlands. http://www.oecd.org/investment/mne/2089912.pdf
Halkos GE, Tzeremes NG (2011) Growth and environmental pollution: empirical evidence from China. J Chin Econ Trade Stud 4(3):144–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/17544401111178195
Hassan ST, Xia E, Khan NH, Shah SMA (2019) Economic growth, natural resources, and ecological footprints: evidence from Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(3):2929–2938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3803-3
Hayden A, Shandra JM (2009) Hours of work and the ecological footprint of nations: an exploratory analysis. Local Environ 14(6):575–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549830902904185
He FS, Gan GGG, Al-Mulali U, Adebola SS (2019) The influences of economic indicators on environmental pollution in Malaysia. Int J Energy Econ Policy 9(2):123–131. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7489
Hernández PJ (2020) Reassessing the link between firm size and exports. Eur Bus Rev 10(2):207–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-019-00126-9
Hervieux MS, Darné O (2016) Production and consumption-based approaches for the environmental Kuznets curve using ecological footprint. J Environ Econ Policy 5(3):318–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2015.1090346
Huynh CM, Hoang HH (2019) Foreign direct investment and air pollution in Asian countries: does institutional quality matter? Appl Econ Lett 26(17):1388–1392. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1563668
Isik C, Ongan S, Özdemir D (2019) The economic growth/development and environmental degradation: evidence from the US state-level EKC hypothesis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(30):30772–30781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06276-7
Jinyoung K, Wilson JD (1997) Capital mobility and environmental standards: racing to the bottom with multiple tax instruments. Jpn World Econ 9(4):537–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0922-1425(97)00014-5
Jorgenson AK (2006) The transnational organization of production and environmental degradation: a cross-national study of the effects of foreign capital penetration on water pollution intensity, 1980-1995. Soc Sci Q 87(3):711–730. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00405.x
Jorgenson AK (2010) World-economic integration, supply depots, and environmental degradation: a study of ecologically unequal exchange, foreign investment dependence, and deforestation in less developed countries. Crit Sociol 36(3):453–477. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920510365204
Jorgenson AK, Burns TJ (2007) The political-economic causes of change in the ecological footprints of nations, 1991-2001: a quantitative investigation. Soc Sci Res 36(2):834–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.06.003
Kang Y, He X (2018) Institutional forces and environmental management strategy: moderating effects of environmental orientation and innovation capability. Manag Organ Rev 14(3):577–605. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2017.56
Kawashima (2013) Ecologically unequal exchange and the environmental effects of FDI: empirical analyses of emissions and consumption in developing countries, 1997-2007. J Chem Inf Model 53(9):1689–1699. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Khan A, Chenggang Y, Hussain J, Bano S (2019) Does energy consumption, financial development, and investment contribute to ecological footprints in BRI regions? Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(36):36952–36966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06772-w
Khan H, Khan I, Binh TT (2020) The heterogeneity of renewable energy consumption, carbon emission and financial development in the globe: a panel quantile regression approach. Energy Rep 6:859–867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.04.002
Kick EL, McKinney LA (2014) Global context, national interdependencies, and the ecological footprint: a structural equation analysis. Sociol Perspect 57(2):256–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121414523568
Kissinger M, Rees WE (2010) Importing terrestrial biocapacity: the U.S. case and global implications. Land Use Policy 27(2):589–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.07.014
Koenker R (2004) Quantile regression for longitudinal data. J Multivar Anal 91(1):74–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2004.05.006
Koenker R, Bassett G (1978) Regression quantiles. J Chem Inf Model 53(9):1689–1699. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Köksal C, Işik M, Katircioğlu S (2020) The role of shadow economies in ecological footprint quality: empirical evidence from Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(12):13457–13466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07956-5
Konisky DM (2007) Regulatory competition and environmental. Am J Polit Sci 51(4):853–872
Konisky DM (2008) Regulator attitudes and the environmental race to the bottom argument. J Public Adm Res Theory 18(2):321–344. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum018
Lamarche C (2010) Robust penalized quantile regression estimation for panel data. J Econ 157(2):396–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2010.03.042
Lancaster T (2000) The incidental parameter problem since 1948. J Econ 95(2):391–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(99)00044-5
Lee JW, Brahmasrene T (2013) Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: evidence from panel analysis of the European Union. Tour Manag 38:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.02.016
Li Z, Dong H, Huang Z, Failler P (2019) Impact of foreign direct investment on environmental performance. Sustainability (Switzerland) 11(13):1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133538
Liu H, Kim H (2018) Ecological footprint, foreign direct investment, and gross domestic production: evidence of belt & road initiative countries. Sustainability (Switzerland) 10(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103527
Liu Q, Wang Q (2017) How China achieved its 11th five-year plan emissions reduction target: a structural decomposition analysis of industrial SO2 and chemical oxygen demand. Sci Total Environ 574(5):1104–1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.176
Lynch MJ, Long MA, Stretesky PB, Barrett KL (2019) Measuring the ecological impact of the wealthy: excessive consumption, ecological disorganization, green crime, and justice. Soc Curr 6(4):377–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329496519847491
Mahmood H (2012) FDI, Population density and carbon dioxide emissions: a case study of Pakistan. Iran J Energy Environ 3(4):354–360. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2012.03.04.10
McKinney LA (2014) Foreign direct investment, development, and overshoot. Soc Sci Res 47:121–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.04.003
Mcnally R (1998) Foreign direct investment and the environment : from pollution havens to sustainable development. World Wildlife Fund, August, 1–106. http://www.oecd.org/investment/mne/2089912.pdf
Meng Z, Yu Y (2012) On touristic ecological footprint of Macau. Chin J Popul Resour Environ 10(1):46–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10042857.2012.10685063
Mikkelson GM (2019) Invisible hand or ecological footprint? Comparing social versus environmental impacts of recent economic growth. Organ Environ:108602661988511. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026619885111
Mukhopadhyay K, Chakraborty D (2006) Pollution haven and factor endowment hypotheses revisited: evidence from India. J Quant Econ 4(1):111–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03404642
Nathaniel S, Nwodo O, Adediran A, Sharma G, Shah M, Adeleye N (2019) Ecological footprint, urbanization, and energy consumption in South Africa: including the excluded. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(26):27168–27179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05924-2
Nathaniel S, Nwodo O, Sharma G, Shah M (2020a) Renewable energy, urbanization, and ecological footprint linkage in CIVETS. Environ Sci Pollut Res Panayotou 27:19616–19629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08466-0
Nathaniel S, Anyanwu O, Shah M (2020b) Renewable energy, urbanization, and ecological footprint in the Middle East and North Africa region. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(13):14601–14613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08017-7
Network GF (2019) Data and method - Global Footprint Network. https://www.footprintnetwork.org/resources/data/
Neyman AJ, Scott EL (1948) Consistent estimates based on partially consistent observations Published by : Econometric Society Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1914288 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article : You may need to log in to JSTOR to a. 16file:///(1), 1–32.
Nizam HA, Zaman K, Khan KB, Batool R, Khurshid MA, Shoukry AM, Sharkawy MA, Aldeek F, Khader J, Gani S (2020) Achieving environmental sustainability through information technology: “Digital Pakistan” initiative for green development. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:10011–10026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07683-x
Omoke PC, Nwani C, Effiong EL, Evbuomwan OO, Emenekwe CC (2020) The impact of financial development on carbon, non-carbon, and total ecological footprint in Nigeria: new evidence from asymmetric dynamic analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:21628–21646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08382-3
Ozcan B, Apergis N, Shahbaz M (2018) A revisit of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Turkey: new evidence from bootstrap rolling window causality. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(32):32381–32394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3165-x
Piovani C, Li M (2013) Climate change and the limits to the growth-oriented model of development: the case of China and India. Rev Radic Polit Econ 45(4):449–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613412475184
Potoski M (2001) Clean air federalism: do states race to the bottom? Public Adm Rev 61(3):335–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00034
Powell D (2016) RAND Corporation From the SelectedWorks of David Powell Quantile regression with nonadditive fixed effects quantile regression with nonadditive fixed effects *. http://works.bepress.com/david_powell/1/
Powell D (2019) Did the economic stimulus payments of 2008 reduce labor supply? Evidence from quantile panel data estimation. Did the economic stimulus payments of 2008 reduce labor supply? Evidence from quantile panel data estimation. https://doi.org/10.7249/wr710-3
Prakash A, Potoski M (2006) Racing to the bottom? Trade, environmental governance, and ISO 14001. Am J Polit Sci 50(2):350–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00188.x
Rai SK, Bembey AM, Sarfare D (2019) Empirical verification of causality between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, and openness of the economy: Evidence from India. Int J Sustain Econ 11(3):237–257. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSE.2019.100679
Ramakrishna S, Ahmad H, Qureshi MI, Khan N (2020) Review on nexus between economic growth and environmental quality. Int J Psychosoc Rehabil 24(1):739–746. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I1/PR200177
Rees WE (2017) Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics leaves out. Urbanisation 2(1):66–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/2455747117699722
Rees W, Wackernagel M (1996) Urban ecological footprints: why cities cannot be sustainable - and why they are a key to sustainability. Environ Impact Assess Rev 16(4–6):223–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-9255(96)00022-4
Rudolph A, Figge L (2017) Determinants of ecological footprints: what is the role of globalization? Ecol Indic 81(April):348–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.04.060
Sabir, S., Qayyum, U., & Majeed, M. (2020). FDI and environmental degradation: the role of political institutions in South Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09464-y
Saini N, Sighania M (2019) Environmental impact of economic growth, emission and FDI: systematic review of reviews. Qual Res Financ Mark 11(1):81–134. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-09-2017-0087
Sarkodie SA, Strezov V (2019) Effect of foreign direct investments, economic development and energy consumption on greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries. Sci Total Environ 646:862–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.365
Saud S, Chen S, Haseeb A, Sumayya (2020) The role of financial development and globalization in the environment: accounting ecological footprint indicators for selected one-belt-one-road initiative countries. J Clean Prod 250:119518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119518
Seker F, Ertugrul HM, Cetin M (2015) The impact of foreign direct investment on environmental quality: a bounds testing and causality analysis for Turkey. Renew Sust Energ Rev 52:347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.118
Sethi P, Chakrabarti D, Bhattacharjee S (2020) Globalization, financial development and economic growth: perils on the environmental sustainability of an emerging economy. J Policy Model 42:520–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2020.01.007
Sheldon I (2006) Trade and environmental policy: a race to the bottom? J Agric Econ 57(3):365–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2006.00056.x
Shujah-ur-Rahman, Chen S, Saud S, Saleem N, Bari MW (2019) Nexus between financial development, energy consumption, income level, and ecological footprint in CEE countries: do human capital and biocapacity matter? Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(31):31856–31872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06343-z
Solarin SA, Al-Mulali U (2018) Influence of foreign direct investment on indicators of environmental degradation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(25):24845–24859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2562-5
Sugawara E, Nikaido H (2014) Intergovernmental panel on climate change. (2014). Summary for policymakers. In Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1-30). Camb. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58(12):7250–7257. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.03728-14
Sun G, Yuan C, Hafeez M, Raza S, Jie L, Liu X (2019) Does regional energy consumption disparities assist to control environmental degradation in OBOR: an entropy approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:7105–7119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07360-8
Sutton PC, Anderson SJ, Tuttle BT, Morse L (2012) The real wealth of nations: Mapping and monetizing the human ecological footprint. Ecol Indic 16:11–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.03.008
Tariq M (2019) Financial development and ecological footprint: a global panel data analysis Pakistan. Www.Econstor.Eu
Uddin GA, Alam K, Gow J (2016) Does ecological footprint impede economic growth? An empirical analysis based on the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Aust Econ Pap 55(3):301–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.12061
Udemba EN (2020a) A sustainable study of economic growth and development amidst ecological footprint: new insight from Nigerian perspective. Sci Total Environ:139270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139270
Udemba EN (2020b) Ecological implication of offshored economic activities in Turkey: foreign direct investment perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:38015–38028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09629-9
Udemba EN (2020c) Mediation of foreign direct investment and agriculture towards ecological footprint: a shift from single perspective to a more inclusive perspective for India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:26817–26834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09024-4
Van de Vliert E, Vlek C (2015) Relations between economic wealth, ecological footprint, and environmental protection depend on climatic demands. Int J Environ Stud 72(6):948–971. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2015.1067471
Wackernagel M, Galli A (2012) Ecological footprint: economic performance and resource constraints. Global Footprint Network. https://www.footprintnetwork.org/content/images/article_uploads/Wackernagel_and_Galli_2012.pdf
Rees, W., Wackernagel, M., & Testemale, P. (1996). Our ecological footprint: reducing human impact on the Earth (pp. 3-12). Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers.
Wackernagel M, Kitzes J, Moran DAN, Goldfinger S, Thomas M (2006) Of cities and regions : comparing resource availability with resource demand. 18(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247806063978
Wang DT, Chen WY (2014) Foreign direct investment, institutional development, and environmental externalities: evidence from China. J Environ Manag 135:81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.013
Wang J, Dong K (2019) What drives environmental degradation? Evidence from 14 Sub-Saharan African countries. Sci Total Environ 656:165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.354
Wang Y, Zhao T (2015) Impacts of energy-related CO2 emissions: evidence from under developed, developing and highly developed regions in China. Ecol Indic 50:186–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.010
Wang Z, Rasool Y, Asghar MM, Wang B (2019) Dynamic linkages among CO2 emissions, human development, financial development, and globalization: empirical evidence based on PMG long-run panel estimation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(36):36248–36263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06556-2
Yasin I, Ahmad N, Chaudhary MA (2020) Catechizing the environmental-impression of urbanization, financial development, and political institutions: a circumstance of ecological footprints in 110 developed and less-developed countries. Soc Indic Res 147(2):621–649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02163-3
York R (2007) Demographic trends and energy consumption in European Union Nations, 1960–2025. 36, 855–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.06.007
Zafar MW, Zaidi SAH, Khan NR, Mirza FM, Hou F, Kirmani SAA (2019) The impact of natural resources, human capital, and foreign direct investment on the ecological footprint: the case of the United States. Res Policy 63(May):101428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101428
Zarsky L (1999) Havens, halos and spaghetti: untangling the evidence about the relationship between foreign investment and the environment | Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability. 1–3. https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/havens-halos-and-spaghetti-untangling-the-evidence-about-the-relationship-between-foreign-investment-and-the-environment/
Zhang YJ, Jin YL, Chevallier J, Shen B (2016) The effect of corruption on carbon dioxide emissions in APEC countries: a panel quantile regression analysis. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 112:220–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.05.027
Zhu H, Duan L, Guo Y, Yu K (2016) The effects of FDI, economic growth and energy consumption on carbon emissions in ASEAN-5: evidence from panel quantile regression. Econ Model 58:237–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.05.003
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Dr. Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous Chowdhury: conceptualization, analysis, methodology, review and editing, and supervision.
Peal Ahamed Shanto: interpretation, methodology, writing original draft, review and editing. Afsana Ahmed: writing original draft, review and editing.
Rabeya Hossain Rumana: writing original draft, review and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Nicholas Apergis
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35377-1
Appendix
Appendix
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Chowdhury, M.A.F., Shanto, P.A., Ahmed, A. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Does foreign direct investments impair the ecological footprint? New evidence from the panel quantile regression. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 14372–14385 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11518-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11518-0