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Effects of ionic liquid [N4444] AOT on rice seedling growth cytomembrane damage and rhizobacteria resistance

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Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) are solvents composed of ions, containing a large asymmetric cation with an anion. With increasing and widespread applications, the toxic effects of ILs have been considerable in recent years. This study explained the effects of the new functional ionic liquids [N4444] bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfonyl succinate (AOT) on rice seedling and the growth of rhizobacteria. The rice seeds pretreated by [N4444] AOT revealed that it exhibited a significant negative impact on rice seedlings. The inhibition of rice growth increased with increasing concentration. When the concentration of [N4444] AOT increased to 0.25 and 0.5 mL L−1, the germination potential decreased by 40.0% and 86.3%, respectively, compared with the control. The germination potential and germination rate of rice were reduced, and the stress effect of ionic liquid on the root parts was higher than the aerial parts. The biomass of rice seedlings was decreased by 34.8 to 91.2%. Iodinic propane staining showed that by increasing concentration, the root cell cytomembrane damage level was increased and also changed the cell shapes, especially under 0.25 mg L−1 concentration stress. However, rhizobacteria of rice showed strong [N4444] AOT-resistant characteristics when the concentration was reached to 120 mg L−1. The ILs even more promoted the growth of Enterobacter sp. NP1142 and Pantoea sp. BR23. It was indicated that IL [N4444] AOT can be degraded easily by rhizobacteria to eliminate the eco-risk of ILs.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11478-5).

Funding

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41977274, No. 41702038) and the Shaanxi Province Key Research & Development Plan (2018ZDXM-SF-022).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China

    Junkang Guo, Geng Cao, Qian Ren, Huiyun Xu, Xinhao Ren, Honglei Jia, Li Hua, Ting Wei & Shenghui Yu

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  1. Junkang Guo
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  2. Geng Cao
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  3. Qian Ren
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  4. Huiyun Xu
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  5. Xinhao Ren
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  7. Li Hua
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  8. Ting Wei
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  9. Shenghui Yu
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Contributions

Junkang Guo, Shenghui Yu, and Xinhao Ren contributed to the conception of the study. Geng Cao, Qian Ren, and Huiyun Xu performed the experiment. Honglei Jia, Ting Wei, and Li Hua performed the data analyses and wrote the manuscript. Junkang Guo and Shenghui Yu helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Junkang Guo or Shenghui Yu.

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The present study work was not conducted on human or experimental animals where national or institutional guidelines are used for the protection of human subjects and animal welfare.

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We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Responsible editor: Gangrong Shi

We declare that this manuscript entitled “Effects of ionic liquid [N4444] AOT on rice seedling growth cytomembrane damage and rhizobacteria resistance” is original, has not been published before, and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere.

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Guo, J., Cao, G., Ren, Q. et al. Effects of ionic liquid [N4444] AOT on rice seedling growth cytomembrane damage and rhizobacteria resistance. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 13487–13494 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11478-5

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