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Modeling CO2 emissions in South Africa: empirical evidence from ARDL based bounds and wavelet coherence techniques

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 28, pages 9377–9389 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

The theme of this paper is to explore the interconnection between financial development, real growth, and urbanization and CO2 emissions using South Africa. The study used a recent econometric technique to investigate this relationship. The data used in this study cover period between 1971 and 2016. No previous research has utilized the wavelet coherence method to collect information on the correlation and causal interaction between these economic indicators at various frequencies and timeframes in the case of South Africa. The research objectives were to fix the questions: (i) if there is a stable long-run relationship among the indicators under consideration? (ii) Does financial development, economic growth, and urbanization affect CO2 emissions? (iii) How are the indicators related, at different frequencies and various periods? The outcomes affirm that (i) financial development impacts CO2 emissions positively. (ii) The linkage between urbanization and CO2 emissions is negative. (iii) Positive interaction between real growth and CO2. The results of the wavelet coherence approach support the ARDL long-term estimate. Based on these results, recommendations have been made.

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Data availability

Data utilized can be found at https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Science, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey

    Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo & Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan

Authors
  1. Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo
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  2. Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo and Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan. The first draft of the manuscript was written by both author and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan.

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Adebayo, T.S., Odugbesan, J.A. Modeling CO2 emissions in South Africa: empirical evidence from ARDL based bounds and wavelet coherence techniques. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 9377–9389 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11442-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11442-3

Keywords

  • CO2 emissions
  • Urbanization
  • Energy usage
  • Economic growth
  • Financial development
  • Urbanization
  • ARDL bound test
  • Wavelet coherence technique