Abstract
Anthropocene mineral diversity is the result of the purification of metals naturally combined with other chemical elements in natural environment. Moreover, the advent of human mining and manufacturing mineral-like compounds has experienced a punctuation event in diversity and distribution owing to the pervasive impact of human activities. In this context, the wastes of an abandoned historical mine, Huelgoat mine (Brittany, France), famous during the eighteenth and the nineteenth century contain significant amounts of chemical elements potentially dangerous to the environment. Lead concentration and Pb-bearing phases were quantified in 7 sediments samples located from mine upstream to the Aulne estuary (100 km downstream to the mine). Results show very high concentrations of lead in the stations located upstream and downstream of the Huelgoat mine, using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, ranging from 7000 mg/kg downstream of the mine to a natural concentration of about 80 mg/kg upstream. At the same time, Pb-bearing phases were identified depending on the particle sizes, fine (< 50 μm) and coarse (> 50 μm), using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), total organic carbon (TOC), and pH analyses. For the first time, evidence of anthropogenic mineral “iodoplumbate” formation has been described in a natural environment.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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We would like to think the staff of LUSAC Laboratory, especially Mrs. Marion HANOTEL, for assistance in technical operations. We would like to express our gratitude to Pr. Patrick SHARROCK and Dr. Florian CESBRON for post-editing for English style and grammar.
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KN and GG conceived the study and were in charge of overall direction and planning. KN processed the experimental data, performed the analysis, and drafted the manuscript with the help of GG. GG collected samples and designed the figs. AM processed the samples for the analysis of total organic carbon (TOC), helped in interpreting the results, and worked on the manuscript. MF characterized the samples with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and aided on the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.
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NASRI, K., GREGOIRE, G., MURAT, A. et al. Unlikely lead-bearing phases in river and estuary sediments near an ancient mine (Huelgoat, Brittany, France). Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 8128–8139 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11150-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11150-y