Abstract
In this work, for the first time, Cordia trichotoma sawdust, a residue derived from noble wood processing, was applied as an alternative biosorbent for the removal of crystal violet by discontinuous and continuous biosorption processes. The optimum conditions for biosorption of crystal violet were 7.5 pH and a biosorbent dosage of 0.8 g L−1. The biosorption kinetics showed that the equilibrium was reached at 120 min, achieving a maximum biosorption capacity of 107 mg g−1 for initial dye concentration of 200 mg L−1. The Elovich model was the proper model for representing the biosorption kinetics. The isotherm assays showed that the rise of temperature causes an increase in the biosorption capacity of the crystal violet, with a maximum biosorption capacity of 129.77 mg g−1 at 328 K. The Langmuir model was the most proper model for describing the behavior. The sign of ΔG0 indicates that the process was spontaneous and favorable, whereas the ΔH0 indicates an endothermic process. The treatment of the colored simulated effluent composed by dyes and salts resulted in 80% of color removal. The application of biosorbent in the fixed-bed system achieved a breakthrough time of 505 min, resulting in 83.35% of color removal. The Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were able to describe the fixed-bed biosorption behavior. This collection of experimental evidence shows that the Cordia trichotoma sawdust can be applied for the removal of crystal violet and a mixture of other dyes that contain them.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Ahmad R (2009) Studies on biosorption of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution onto coniferous pinus bark powder (CPBP). J Hazard Mater 171(1-3):767–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.060
Ahmed M, Mashkoor F, Nasar A (2020) Development, characterization, and utilization of magnetized orange peel waste as a novel adsorbent for the confiscation of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution. Ground Sust Develop 10:100322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100322
Aljeboree AM, Alshirifi AN, Alkaim AF (2017) Kinetics and equilibrium study for the biosorption of textile dyes on coconut shell activated carbon. Arab J Chem 10:S3381–S3393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.01.020
Aniagor CO, Menkiti MC (2018) Kinetics and mechanistic description of adsorptive uptake of crystal violet dye by lignified elephant grass complexed isolate. J Environ Chem Eng 6(2):2105–2118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.01.070
Ba-Abbad MM, Takriff MS, Said M, Benamor A, Nasser MS, Mohammad AW (2017) Photocatalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol using ZnO nanoparticles: study of intermediates and toxicity. Int J Environ Res 11:461–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-017-0041-3
Barbosa TR, Foletto EL, Dotto GL, Jahn SL (2018) Preparation of mesoporous geopolymer using metakaolin and rice husk ash as synthesis precursors and its use as potential biosorbent to remove organic dye from aqueous solutions. Ceram Int 44(1):416–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.09.193
Bhatti HN, Safa Y, Yakout SM, Shair OH, Iqbal M, Nazir A (2020) Efficient removal of dyes using carboxymethyl cellulose/alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/rice husk composite: adsorption/desorption, kinetics and recycling studies. Int J Biol Macromol 150:861–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.093
Boumaza S, Yenounne A, Hachi W, Kaouah F, Bouhamidi Y, Trari M (2018) Application of Typha angustifolia (L.) dead leaves waste as biomaterial for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution. Int J Environ Res 12:561–573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-018-0111-1
Caponi N, Collazzo GC, Jahn SL, Mazutti MA, Dotto GL, Foletto EL (2017) Use of Brazilian kaolin as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of malachite green from colored effluents. Mater Res 20:311–316. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0673
Çelebi H, Gök O (2017) Evaluation of lead adsorption kinetics and isotherms from aqueous solution using natural walnut shell. Int J Environ Res 11:83–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-017-0009-3
Chahinez HO, Abdelkader O, Leila Y, Tran HN (2020) One-stage preparation of palm petiole-derived biochar: characterization and application for biosorption of crystal violet dye in water. Environ Technol Innov 19:100872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100872
Chakraborty S, Chowdhury S, Das Saha P (2011) Biosorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution onto NaOH-modified rice husk. Carbohydr Polym 86(4):1533–1541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.058
Chakraborty S, Chowdhury S, Saha PD (2012) Insight into biosorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of crystal violet onto Ananas comosus (pineapple) leaf powder. Appl Water Sci 2(2):135–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-012-0030-9
Chen SH, Cheow YL, Ng SL, Ting ASY (2019) Biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes by non-white rot fungus penicillium simplicissimum: enzymatic and toxicity studies. Int J Environ Res 13:273–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-019-00171-2
Djonga WG, Noubissié E, Noumi GB (2019) Discoloration test of a slaughterhouse effluent by biosorption on two biosorbents produced from sawdust of Khaya senegalensis and Pinus sp. Res Eng Des 4:100068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2019.100068
Dos Santos AJ, Sirés I, Alves AP, Martínez-Huitle CA, Brillas E (2020) Vermiculite as heterogeneous catalyst in electrochemical Fenton-based processes: application to the oxidation of Ponceau SS dye. Chemosphere 240:124838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124838
Dotto GL, Salau NPG, Piccin JS, Cadaval TRS, de Pinto LAA (2017) Biosorption kinetics in liquid phase: modeling for discontinuous and continuous systems. In: Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Mendoza-Castillo D, Reynel-Ávila H (eds) Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58136-1_3
Du C, Song Y, Shi S, Jiang B, Yang J, Xiao S (2019) Preparation and characterization of a novel Fe3O4-graphene-biochar composite for crystal violet biosorption. Sci Total Environ 711:134662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134662
Duarte AL, Da Boit K, Oliveira MLS, Teixeira EC, Schneider IL, Silva LFO (2019) Hazardous elements and amorphous nanoparticles in historical estuary coal mining area. Geosci Front 10:927–939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.05.005
Felippi M, Maffra C, Cantarelli E, Araújo M, Longhi S (2012) Phenology, morphology and seed analysis of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud. Ciência Florestal 22(3):631–641. https://doi.org/10.5902/198050986629
Feng N, Guo X, Liang S, Zhu Y, Liu J (2011) Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by chemically modified orange peel. J Hazard Mater 185(1):49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.114
Ferrari V, Taffarel SR, Espinosa-Fuentes E, Oliveira MLS, Saikia BK, Oliveira LFS (2019) Chemical evaluation of by-products of the grape industry as potential agricultural fertilizers. J Clean Prod 208:297–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.032
Foletto EL, Jahn SL, Moreira RFPM (2009) Synthesis of high surface area MgAl2O4 nanopowder as adsorbent for leather dye removal. Sep Sci Technol 44(9):2132–2145. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496390902775620
Foletto EL, Weber CT, Bertuol DA, Mazutti MA (2013a) Application of papaya seeds as a macro-/mesoporous biosorbent for the removal of large pollutant molecule from aqueous solution: equilibrium, kinetic, and mechanism studies. Sep Sci Technol 48:2817–2824. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2013.808213
Foletto EL, Weber CT, Paz DS, Mazutti MA, Meili L, Bassaco MM, Collazzo GC (2013b) Biosorption of leather dye onto activated carbon prepared from bottle gourd: equilibrium, kinetic and mechanism studies. Water Sci Technol 67(1):201–209. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.555
Franco DSP, Tanabe EH, Dotto GL (2017) Continuous biosorption of a cationic dye on surface modified rice husk: statistical optimization and dynamic models. Chem Eng Commun 204(6):625–634. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2017.1300150
Georgin J, Drumm FC, Grassi P, Franco D, Allasia D, Dotto GL (2018) Potential of Araucaria angustifolia bark as biosorbent to remove crystal violet dye from aqueous effluents. Water Sci Technol 78(8):1693–1703. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.448
Georgin J, Franco DSP, Grassi P, Tonato D, Piccilli DGA, Meili L, Dotto GL (2019) Potential of Cedrella fissilis bark as an biosorbent for the removal of red 97 dye from aqueous effluents. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:19207–19219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05321-9
Georgin J, Franco D, Drumm FC, Grassi P, Netto MS, Allasia D, Dotto GL (2020) Powdered biosorbent from the mandacaru cactus (Cereus jamacaru) for discontinuous and continuous removal of Basic Fuchsin from aqueous solutions. Powder Technol 364:584–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.01.064
Ghazali A, Shirani M, Semnani A, Zare-Shahabadi V, Nekoeinia M (2018) Optimization of crystal violet biosorption onto. Date palm leaves as a potent biosorbent from aqueous solutions using response surface methodology and ant colony. J Environ Chem Eng 6(4):3942–3950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.05.043
Giles CH, MacEwan TH, Nakhwa SN, Smith D (1960) A system of classification of solution biosorption isotherms, and its use in diagnosis of biosorption mechanisms and in measurement of specific surface areas of solids. J Chem Soc 111:3973–3993
Gopi S, Pius A, Thomas S (2016) Enhanced biosorption of crystal violet by synthesized and characterized chitin nano whiskers from shrimp shell. J Water Proc Eng 14:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2016.07.010
Goswami M, Phukan P (2017) Enhanced biosorption of cationic dyes using sulfonic acid modified activated carbon. J Environ Chem Eng 5(4):3508–3517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.07.016
Grassi P, Drumm FC, da Silveira SJ, Silvestri S, da Boit MK, Dotto GL, Foletto EL, Jahn SL (2020) Investigation of the reaction pathway for degradation of emerging contaminant in water by photo-Fenton oxidation using fly ash as low-cost raw catalyst. Int J Environ Res 14:427–438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-020-00266-1
Grings M, Brack P (2011) Handroanthus heptaphyllus (ipê-roxo) In: Brasil, Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Espécies Nativas da flora brasileira de Valor Econômico Atual OU potenciais: Plantas para o Futuro - Região Sul. Orgs: Coradini L, Siminski A, Reis A. Brasília: MMA, 934 p.
Han Q, Wang J, Goodman BA, Xie J, Liu Z (2020) High biosorption of methylene blue by activated carbon prepared from phosphoric acid treated eucalyptus residue. Powder Technol 366:239–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.013
Ho YS, McKay G (1998) Kinetic models for the sorption of dye from aqueous solution by wood. Trans IChemE 76(B):183–191
Jawad AH, Abdulhameed AS (2019) Mesoporous Iraqi red kaolin clay as an efficient biosorbent for methylene blue dye: biosorption kinetic, isotherm and mechanism study. Surf Interf 18:100422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2019.100422
Kamran U, Bhatti HN, Iqbal M, Jamil S, Zahid M (2019) Biogenic synthesis, characterization and investigation of photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity of manganese nanoparticles synthesized from Cinnamomum verum bark extract. J Mol Struct 1179:532–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.006
Lagergren SK (1898) About the theory of so-called biosorption of soluble substances. Sven Vetenskapsakad Handingarl 24:1–39
Langmuir I (1918) The biosorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J Amer Chem Soc 40(9):1361–1403
Li C, Chen D, Ding J, Shi Z (2020) A novel hetero-exopolysaccharide for the biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions: isotherm, kinetic, and mechanism studies. J Clean Prod 265:121800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121800
Lima EC, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Moreno-Piraján JC, Anastopoulos I (2019) A critical review of the estimation of the thermodynamic parameters on adsorption equilibria. Wrong use of equilibrium constant in the Van’t Hoof equation for calculation of thermodynamic parameters of adsorption. J Mol Liq 273:425–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.048
Lu D, Yang M, Kumar K, Wu P, Peng K (2018) Facile synthesis of TiO2-based nanosheets by the regulation of cationic surfactants for effective biosorption-photocatalytic removal of high-chroma crystal violet. Adv Powder Technol 29(3):756–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.12.021
Ma W, Song X, Pan Y, Cheng Z, Xin G, Wang B, Wang X (2012) Biosorption behavior of crystal violet onto opal and reuse feasibility of opal-dye sludge for bincding heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Chem Eng J 193-194:381–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.04
Machado FM, Bergmann CP, Fernandes THM, Lima EC, Royer B, Calvete T, Fagan SB (2011) Biosorption of reactive red M-2BE dye from water solutions by multi-walled carbon nanotubes and activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 192(3):1122–1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.020
Mashkoor F, Nasar A (2019) Polyaniline/Tectona grandis sawdust: a novel composite for efficient decontamination of synthetically polluted water containing crystal violet dye. Ground Sust Develop 8:390–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2018.12.008
Mashkoor F, Nasar A (2020) Facile synthesis of polypyrrole decorated chitosan-based magsorbent: characterizations, performance, and applications in removing cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous medium. Int J Biol Macromol 161:88–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.015
Mashkoor F, Nasar A, Asiri AM (2018) Exploring the reusability of synthetically contaminated wastewater containing crystal violet dye using Tectona grandis sawdust as a very low-cost adsorbent. Sci Report 8(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26655-3
Matias CA, Vilela PB, Becegato VA, Paulino AT (2019) Adsorption and removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using sterile bract of Araucaria angustifolia as novel natural adsorbent. Int J Environ Res 13:991–1003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-019-00231-7
Mehrabpour M, Esfandyari M, Alidadi H, Davoudi M, Dolatabadi M (2018) Modeling of simultaneous biosorption of dye and metal ion by sawdust from aqueous solution using of ANN and ANFIS. Chemom Intell Lab Syst 181:72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2018.07.012
Meili L, Lins PV, Zanta CLPS, Soletti JI, Ribeiro LMO, Dornelas CB, Silva TL, Vieira MGA (2019) MgAl-LDH/biochar composites for methylene blue removal by biosorption. Appl Clay Sci 168:11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.10.012
Najafpoor A, Alidadi H, Esmaeili H, Hadilou T, Dolatabadi M, Hosseinzadeh A, Davoudi M (2015) Optimization of anionic dye biosorption onto Melia azedarachsawdust in aqueous solutions: effect of calcium cations. Asia Pac J Chem Eng 11(2):258–270. https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.1962
Nethaji S, Sivasamy A (2011) Adsorptive removal of an acid dye by lignocellulosic waste biomass activated carbon: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Chemosphere 82(10):1367–1372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.080
Noreen S, Bhatti HN, Iqbal M, Hussain F, Sarim FM (2020) Chitosan, starch, polyaniline and polypyrrole biocomposite with sugarcane bagasse for the efficient removal of Acid Black dye. Int J Biol Macromol 147:439–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.257
Oliveira M, Izquierdo M, Querol X, Lieberman RN, Saikia BK, Silva LFO (2019) Nanoparticles from construction wastes: a problem to health and the environment. J Clean Prod 219:236–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.096
Oliveira LM, Oliveira LF, Sonsin AF, Duarte JL, Soletti JI, Fonseca EJ, Ribeiro LMO, Meili L (2020) Ultrafast diesel oil spill removal by fibers from silk-cotton tree: characterization and sorption potential evaluation. J Clean Prod 263:121448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121448
Pal A, Pan S, Saha S (2013) Synergistically improved biosorption of anionic surfactant and crystal violet on chitosan hydrogel beads. Chem Eng J 217:426–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.120
Pathania D, Sharma A, Siddiqi ZM (2016) Removal of congo red dye from aqueous system using Phoenix dactylifera seeds. J Mol Liq 219:359–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.03.020
Pathania D, Sharma S, Singh P (2017) Removal of methylene blue by biosorption onto activated carbon developed from Ficus carica bast. Arab J Chem 10:S1445–S1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.021
Pavan FA, Lima EC, Dias SLP, Mazzocato AC (2008) Methylene blue biosorption from aqueous solutions by yellow passion fruit waste. J Hazard Mater 150(3):703–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.023
Pavan FA, Camacho ES, Lima EC, Dotto GL, Branco VTA, Dias SLP (2014) Formosa papaya seed powder (FPSP): preparation, characterization and application as an alternative biosorbent for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous phase. J Environ Chem Eng 2(1):230–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.12.017
Paz DS, Baiotto A, Schwaab M, Mazutti MA, Bassaco MM, Bertuol D, Foletto EL, Meili L (2013) Use of papaya seeds as a biosorbent of methylene blue from aqueous solution. Water Sci Technol 68(2):441–447. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.185
Porkodi K, Kumar VK (2007) Equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism modeling and simulation of basic and acid dyes sorption onto jute fiber carbon: eosin yellow, malachite green and crystal violet single component systems. J Hazard Mater 143(1-2):311–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.029
Prakash S, Kumar M, Tripathi BP, Shahi VK (2010) Sol-gel derived poly(vinyl alcohol)-3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyl trimethoxysilane: Cross-linked organic-inorganic hybrid beads for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 162(1):28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.04.048
Quintela DU, Henrique DC, dos Santos Lins PV, Ide AH, Erto A, da Silva Duarte JL, Meili L (2020) Waste of Mytella Falcata shells for removal of a triarylmethane biocide from water: kinetic, equilibrium, regeneration and thermodynamic studies. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 195:111230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111230
Rodrigues DAS, Moura JM, Dotto GL, Cadaval TRS, Pinto LAA (2018) Preparation, characterization and dye biosorption/reuse of chitosan-vanadate films. J Polym Environ 26(7):2917–2924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1171-6
Rojas JC, Sánchez NE, Schneider I, Oliveira MLS, Teixeira EC, Silva LFO (2019) Exposure to nanometric pollutants in primary schools: Environmental implications. Urban Clim 27:412–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.12.011
Rossatto DL, Netto MS, Jahn SL, Mallmann ES, Dotto GL, Foletto EL (2020) Highly efficient adsorption performance of a novel magnetic geopolymer/Fe3O4 composite towards removal of aqueous acid green 16 dye. J Environ Chem Eng 8:103804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103804
Sabri MA, Ibrahim TH, Khamis MI, Al-Asheh S, Hassan MF (2018) Use of Eucalyptus camaldulensis as biosorbent for lead removal from aqueous solution. Int J Environ Res 12:513–529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-018-0112-0
Saeed A, Sharif M, Iqbal M (2010) Application potential of grapefruit peel as dye sorbent: kinetics, equilibrium and mechanism of crystal violet adsorption. J Hazard Mater 179(1-3):564–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.041
Santos DH, Duarte JL, Tavares MG, Tavares MG, Friedrich LC, Meili L, Pimentel WRO, Tonholo J, Zanta CL (2020) Electrochemical degradation and toxicity evaluation of reactive dyes mixture and real textile effluent over DSA® ELectrodes. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 153:107940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2020.107940
Shakoor S, Nasar A (2018) Adsorptive decontamination of synthetic wastewater containing crystal violet dye by employing Terminalia arjuna sawdust waste. Groundw Sustain Dev 7:30–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2018.03.004
Shakoor S, Nasar A (2019) Utilization of Cucumis sativus peel as an eco-friendly biosorbent for the confiscation of crystal violet dye from artificially contaminated wastewater. Anal Chem Lett 9(1):1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2019.1588162
Sharma A, Sharma G, Kumar A, Siddiqi ZM (2016) Exclusion of organic dye using neoteric activated carbon prepared from Cornulaca monacantha stem: equilibrium and thermodynamics studies. Mater Sci Forum 875:1–15. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.875.1
Sharma A, Siddiqi ZM, Pathania D (2017) Adsorption of polyaromatic pollutants from water system using carbon/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic mechanism. J Mol Liq 240:361–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.05.083
Sharma G, Kumar A, Naushad M, García-Peñas A, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Ghfar AA, Sharma V, Ahamad T, Stadler FJ (2018a) Fabrication and characterization of gum arabic-cl-poly (acrylamide) nanohydrogel for effective biosorption of crystal violet dye. Carbohydr Polym 202:444–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.004
Sharma A, Thakur KK, Mehta P, Pathania D (2018b) Efficient adsorption of chlorpheniramine and hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from water system using agronomic waste material. Sustain Chem Pharm 9:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2018.04.002
Sharma A, Siddiqui ZM, Dhar S, Mehta P, Pathania D (2019) Adsorptive removal of congo red dye (CR) from aqueous solution by Cornulaca monacantha stem and biomass-based activated carbon: isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics. Sep Sci Technol 54(6):916–929. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2018.1524908
Silva SS, Chiavone-Filho O, de Barros Neto EL, Foletto EL (2015) Oil removal from produced water by conjugation of flotation and photo-Fenton processes. J Environ Manag 147:257–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.08.021
Silveira JE, Garcia-Costa AL, Cardoso TO, Zazo JA, Casas JA (2017) Indirect decolorization of azo dye disperse blue 3 by electro-activated persulfate. Electrochim Acta 258:927–932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.143
Sluiter JB, Ruiz RO, Scarlata CJ, Sluite AD, Templenton DW (2010) Compositional analysis of lignocellulosics feedstocks 1. Review and description of methods. J Agric Food Chem 58(16):9043–9053. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1008023
Sobral M, Jarenkow JA, Irgang PBB, Larocca J, Rodrigues RS (2006) Flora arbórea e arborescente do Rio Grande do Sul, 2nd edn. São Carlos, Brazil
Streit AFM, Côrtes LN, Druzian SP, Godinho M, Collazzo GC, Perondi D, Dotto GL (2019) Development of high quality activated carbon from biological sludge and its application for dyes removal from aqueous solutions. Sci Total Environ 660:277–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.027
Suzuki M (1990) Adsorption Engineering. Kodansha, Tokyo
Tahir N, Bhatti HN, Iqbal M, Noreen S (2017) Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for crystal violet biosorption. Int J Biol Macromol 94:210–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.013
Tahir MA, Bhatti HN, Hussain I, Bhatti IA, Asghar M (2020) Sol-gel synthesis of mesoporous silica-iron composite: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies for the adsorption of turquoise-blue X-GB dye. Z Phys Chem 234(2):233–253. https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2019-1443
Trianoski R, Iwakiri S, Machado L, Rosa TS (2017) Feasibility of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) wood and its by-products for particleboard manufacturing. J Sust Fores 36(8):833–846. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2017.1381028
Uddin MK, Nasar A (2020) Decolorization of basic dyes solution by utilizing fruit seed powder. KSCE J Civil Eng 24(2):345–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0523-2
Weber CT, Foletto EL, Meili L (2013) Removal of tannery dye from aqueous solution using papaya seed as an efficient natural biosorbent. Water Air Soil Pollut 224:1427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1427-7
Weber CT, Collazzo G, Mazutti MA, Foletto EL, Dotto GL (2014) Removal of hazardous pharmaceutical dyes by adsorption onto papaya seeds. Water Sci Technol 70(1):102–107. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.200
Yagub MT, Sen TK, Afroze S, Ang HM (2014) Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by biosorption: a review. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 209:172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2014.04.002
Zazycki MA, Godinho M, Perondi D, Foletto EL, Collazzo GC, Dotto GL (2018) New biochar from pecan nutshells as an alternative biosorbent for removing reactive red 141 from aqueous solutions. J Clean Prod 171:57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.007
Zeldowitsch J (1934) Über den mechanismus der katalytischen oxydation von CO an MnO2. Acta Physicochim URSS 1:364–449
Zhang Q, Zhang T, He T, Chen L (2014) Removal of crystal violet by clay/PNIPAm nanocomposite hydrogels with various clay contents. Appl Clay Sci 90:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.01.003
Funding
The authors received financial support from CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization: [G. L. Dotto]; Methodology: [J. Georgin]; Formal analysis and investigation: [D. S. P. Franco]; Writing—original draft preparation: [P. Grassi, F. C. Drumm]; Writing—review and editing: [J. Georgin, G. L. Dotto, E. L. Foletto]; Funding acquisition: [G. L. Dotto, E. L. Foletto, S. L. Jahn]; Supervision: [G. L. Dotto]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Consent to publish
Not applicable.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 1075 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grassi, P., Drumm, F.C., Georgin, J. et al. Application of Cordia trichotoma sawdust as an effective biosorbent for removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution in batch system and fixed-bed column. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 6771–6783 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11005-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11005-6