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Comparative immuno-modulatory effects of basil and sesame seed oils against diazinon-induced toxicity in rats; a focus on TNF-α immunolocalization

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Abstract

Diazinon (DZN), a common organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), has hazardous effect to human and animals with its ubiquitous use. Considering the implication of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the OPIs toxicity, the present study was aimed to evaluate the ameliorative properties of basil (BO) and sesame (SO) seed oils against the toxic effect of DZN. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 rats/group); control, DZN (10 mg/kg b.w/day), DZN + BO (5 ml/kg b.w/day), and DZN + SO (8 ml/kg b.w/day) groups, treated for a period of 4 weeks. DZN-exposed animals showed significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) with a significant decline in testosterone level compared with control. On the other hand, DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups revealed significant decreases in ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr with a significant increase in testosterone level when compared with DZN-exposed animals. Oxidative/antioxidant indices revealed significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with significant decreases of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and catalase (CAT) activities among DZN-treated rats compared with control. Distinctly lower levels of MDA and increased activities of SOD, Gpx, and CAT were evident in both DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups when compared with DZN-exposed animals. Inflammatory and immuno-modulatory markers assessment showed a significant increase in TNF-α with a significant decline in IL-10 level in DZN group; meanwhile, both DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups revealed significant declines in levels of TNF-α with significant increases in IL-10. Corresponds immunohistochemistry, the total scores (TS) of TNF-α immunostainings in hepatorenal, testicular, and epididymal tissues of control, DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups were significantly lower than those values of DZN group. Additionally, the examined tissues of DZN + BO group revealed significant lower TS of TNF-α immunostaining compared with DZN + SO group. The overall data suggested that both BO and SO can be efficiently used as preventive herbal compounds against DZN-induced oxidative stress with special reference to their possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and free radical activities. However, BO has more potent protective effect against DZN-induced tissue injury at both immunohistochemical and molecular levels.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt

    Sameh Mohamed Farouk

  2. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, 13736, Egypt

    Fatma Abdel-monem Gad

  3. Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, 13736, Egypt

    Mahmoud Abdelghaffar Emam

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  1. Sameh Mohamed Farouk
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  2. Fatma Abdel-monem Gad
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  3. Mahmoud Abdelghaffar Emam
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Contributions

S.M. Farouk, F.A. Gad, and M.A. Emam contributed to the design and implementation of the research, to the analysis and to discussion of the results.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sameh Mohamed Farouk.

Ethics declarations

All rats used for this experiment were treated in accordance with the guidelines of the NIH (National Institutes of Health) for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The research was considered and approved by Institutional Animal Cares and Use Committee Research Ethics Board at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt (IACUCREB permit number; BUFVTM 02-04-20).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest..

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Responsible Editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

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Farouk, S.M., Gad, F.Am. & Emam, M.A. Comparative immuno-modulatory effects of basil and sesame seed oils against diazinon-induced toxicity in rats; a focus on TNF-α immunolocalization. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 5332–5346 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10840-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10840-x

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